详解nginx反向代理配置及优化

linux  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   297

前言:

由于服务器apache抗不住目前的并发.加上前端squid配置后,问题依然无法解决.而页面程序大部分是动态.无法使用fastcgi来处理.因此想使用nginx做为反向代理apache.整个配置安装过程很简单.在考虑高并发的情况下,在安装前就做了些优化.目前配置能抗住3000以上并发.好像不是特别大哦?呵~~ 但足以~~ 只是还有少量499问题..期待有人跟我讨论解决

第1部分:安装

1 建立用户及组

/usr/sbin/groupadd www/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

2 安装pcre 让nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需

wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gztar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gzcd pcre-7.8/./configuremake && make install

3 安装nginx

wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gztar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gzcd nginx-0.7.58/./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteronmake && make install

#注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron 这是编译器优化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面对应CPU的型号,可参照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG

第2部分:配置及优化配置文件

1 nginx.conf 配置文件:

user  www www;worker_processes 4;# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]error_log  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;events{     use epoll;     worker_connections 51200;}http{     include       mime.types;     default_type  application/octet-stream;     source_charset GB2312;     server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;     client_header_buffer_size 256k;     large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;     #size limits     client_max_body_size       50m;     client_body_buffer_size    256k;     client_header_timeout   3m;     client_body_timeout 3m;     send_timeout       3m;#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误        sendfile on;     tcp_nopush     on;     keepalive_timeout 120; #参数加大,以解决做代理时502错误     tcp_nodelay on;         include          vhosts/upstream.conf;     include          vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf; }

2 upstream.conf 配置文件(这也是做负载的配置方法)

upstream.conf      upstream bbs.linuxtone.com {         server 192.168.1.4:8099;       }

3 站点配置文件

bbs.linuxtone.confserver   {      listen       80;      server_name  bbs.linuxtone.conf;      charset GB2312;      index index.html index.htm;      root  /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;        location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {stub_status on;access_log off;         }     location / {       root  /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;       proxy_redirect off ;       proxy_set_header Host $host;       proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;       proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;       proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;       client_max_body_size 50m;       client_body_buffer_size 256k;       proxy_connect_timeout 30;       proxy_send_timeout 30;       proxy_read_timeout 60;       proxy_buffer_size 256k;       proxy_buffers 4 256k;       proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;       proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;       proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;       proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;       proxy_pass  http://bbs.linuxtone.com;      }

#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误   

#Add expires header for static content   location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {     if (-f $request_filename) {       root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;       expires      1d;       break;      }   }     log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';    access_log  /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log  access;  }

注:第二种代理方式

nginx 处理下图片,html等静态的东西.其它动态由apache处理.因此apache也需要做一些参数调整.

设置图片等过期时间.缓解请求.

如果源与nginx在同一台机器建议使用如下方法:

location / {      proxy_pass  http://192.168.1.4:8099/;      proxy_redirect default ;      }

针对不同的目录进行代理把下面的配置放到根目录代理的上面

        location /linuxtone/ {  proxy_pass  http://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/;  proxy_redirect default ;         }

4 源配置

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.4:8099>    ServerAdmin liuyu105#gmail.com    DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone    ServerName bbs.linuxtone.com    ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log   CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d" combined</VirtualHost>

 第3部分:源的优化

1 apache-mpm.conf

<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>    StartServers          15    MinSpareServers       15    MaxSpareServers      30    ServerLimit         2536    MaxClients          2048    MaxRequestsPerChild   1500</IfModule>

2 apache-keepalive

Timeout 120  #与nginx的保持一至KeepAlive OnMaxKeepAliveRequests 400KeepAliveTimeout 7

第4部分:PHP的优化

优化一:将PHP由之前的xcache换成eaccelerator

1 安装

wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3//usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-configmakemake install

注:PHP路径以安装为准!

2 配置

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /etc/php.inised -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /etc/php.inised -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /etc/php.ini

配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cachevi /etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

[eaccelerator]zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"eaccelerator.shm_size="128"eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"eaccelerator.enable="1"eaccelerator.optimizer="1"eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"eaccelerator.debug="0"eaccelerator.filter=""eaccelerator.shm_max="0"eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"eaccelerator.shm_only="0"eaccelerator.compress="1"eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

优化二:联系开发重新编译php减少php的模块.以减少php进程所占用内存数.这块尽管影响不大,但也有一定的作用.编译前也可以参照nginx的编译器优化方式安装.

第5部分:测试并启动nginx

ulimit -SHn 51200/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

第6部分:nginx日志切割脚本

#!/bin/bash# This script run at 00:00# The Nginx logs pathlogs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/"mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/mv ${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").logkill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

crontab -e

00 00 * * * /bin/bash    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。