Django REST framework 视图和路由详解

框架(架构)  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   164

DRF中的Request

在Django REST Framework中内置的Request类扩展了Django中的Request类，实现了很多方便的功能--如请求数据解析和认证等。

比如，区别于Django中的request从request.GET中获取URL参数，从request.POST中取某些情况下的POST数据。

在APIView中封装的request，就实现了请求数据的解析：

对于GET请求的参数我们通过request.query_params来获取。

对于POST请求、PUT请求的数据我们通过request.data来获取。

前提

序列化

from rest_framework import serializersfrom app01 import modelsclass CommentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):  class Meta:    model = models.Comment    fields = "__all__"    extra_kwargs = {      "content": {"error_messages": {"required": "评论内容不能为空"}},      "article": {"error_messages": {"required": "文章不能为空"}}    }class SchoolSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):  class Meta:    model = models.School    fields = "__all__"

第一阶段：手垒代码

视图

from rest_framework.views import APIViewclass SchoolView(APIView):  def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):    query_set = models.School.objects.all()    ser_obj = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer(query_set, many=True)    return Response(ser_obj.data)class SchoolDetail(APIView):  def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):    obj = models.School.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()    ser_obj = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer(obj)    return Response(ser_obj.data)

第二阶段：简单使用rest formwork自带混合类方法

视图

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView # 公共类from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, CreateModelMixin # 混合类 必须与公共类搭配着使用class SchoolView(GenericAPIView, mixins.ListModelMixin): # 查看学校列表  queryset = models.School.objects.all()  serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer  def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):    return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)class SchoolDetail(GenericAPIView, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin): # 创建，与具体查出某一条记录  queryset = models.School.objects.all()  serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer  def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):    return self.retrieve(request, pk, *args, **kwargs)  def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):    return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

路由

url(r'school/$', views.SchoolView.as_view()),url(r'school/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.SchoolDetail.as_view()),

第三阶段：使用rest formwork自带的通用类方法

视图

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView, ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIVieclass SchoolView(ListCreateAPIView): # 创建  queryset = models.School.objects.all()  serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializerclass SchoolDetail(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): # 更新  queryset = models.School.objects.all()  serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

路由同上

第四阶段：使用rest formwork自带的封装所有放的类，代码量最少，功能最全

视图

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet # 里面封装了操作的所有方法，增删改查查class SchoolView(ModelViewSet):  queryset = models.School.objects.all()  serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

路由

url(r'school/$', views.SchoolView.as_view(actions={  "get": "list",  "post": "create",})),url(r'school/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.SchoolView.as_view(actions={  'get': 'retrieve',  'put': 'update',  'patch': 'partial_update',  'delete': 'destroy'})),

高级路由

视图

同上

路由

from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouterrouter = DefaultRouter()router.register(r'school', views.SchoolView)urlpatterns += router.urls

精华：流程图

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