Django开发的简易留言板案例详解

框架(架构)  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   159

本文实例讲述了Django开发的简易留言板。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

Django在线留言板小练习

环境

ubuntu16.04 + python3 + django1.11

1、创建项目

django-admin.py startproject message

进入项目message

2、创建APP

python manager.py startapp guestbook

项目结构

.
├── guestbook
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   └── views.py
├── manage.py
└── message
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── __pycache__
    │   ├── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
    │   └── settings.cpython-35.pyc
    ├── settings.py
    ├── urls.py
    └── wsgi.py

4 directories, 14 files

需要做的事：

配置项目setting 、初始化数据库、配置url 、编写views 、创建HTML文件

项目配置

打开message/settings.py

设置哪些主机可以访问,*代表所有主机

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]INSTALLED_APPS = [  'django.contrib.admin',  'django.contrib.auth',  'django.contrib.contenttypes',  'django.contrib.sessions',  'django.contrib.messages',  'django.contrib.staticfiles',  'guestbook',  #刚刚创建的APP，加入到此项目中]#数据库默认用sqlite3,后期可以换成MySQL或者SQL Server等TIME_ZONE = 'PRC' #时区设置为中国

创建数据库字段

#encoding: utf-8from django.db import modelsclass Message(models.Model):  username=models.CharField(max_length=256)  title=models.CharField(max_length=512)  content=models.TextField(max_length=256)  publish=models.DateTimeField()  #为了显示  def __str__(self):    tpl = '<Message:[username={username}, title={title}, content={content}, publish={publish}]>'    return tpl.format(username=self.username, title=self.title, content=self.content, publish=self.publish)

初始化数据库

# 1. 创建更改的文件root@python:/online/message# python3 manage.py makemigrationsMigrations for 'guestbook': guestbook/migrations/0001_initial.py  - Create model Message# 2. 将生成的py文件应用到数据库root@python:/online/message# python3 manage.py migrateOperations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, guestbook, sessionsRunning migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK Applying guestbook.0001_initial... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

配置url

设置项目message/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include #添加了includefrom django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [  url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),  url(r'^guestbook/', include('guestbook.urls',namespace='guestbook')),  #表示在url地址中所有guestbook的都交给guestbook下面的url来处理，后面的逗号不要省略]

设置APP的url

如果是初次创建APP，urls.py在APP中一般不存在，创建即可

vim guestbook/urls.py

# 内容如下from django.conf.urls import urlfrom . import viewsurlpatterns = [  url(r'^index/',views.index,name='index'),  #不要忘了逗号]

编写views

编辑APP中的views.py

from django.shortcuts import renderfrom django.http import HttpResponseRedirectfrom . import models# Create your views here.def index(request):  messages = models.Message.objects.all()  return render(request, 'guestbook/index.html', {'messages' : messages})

编写HTML文件

创建APP/templates/guestbook/index.html目录及文件

使用bootstrap美化了

<!DOCTYPE html><html>  <head>    <meta charset="utf-8" />    <title>留言板</title>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" crossorigin="anonymous">  </head>  <body>    <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">      <thead>        <tr class="danger">          <th>留言时间</th>          <th>留言者</th>          <th>标题</th>          <th>内容</th>        </tr>      </thead>      <tbody>        {% if messages %}          {% for message in messages %}<tr class="{% cycle 'active' 'success' 'warning' 'info' %}">  <td>{{ message.publish|date:'Y-m-d H:i:s' }}</td>  <td>{{ message.username }}</td>  <td>{{ message.title }}</td>  <td>{{ message.content }}</td></tr>          {% endfor %}        {% else %}          <tr><td colspan="4">无数据</td>          </tr>        {% endif %}      </tbody>    </table>     <a class="btn btn-xs btn-info" href="https:guestbook/create/" rel="external nofollow" >去留言</a>  </body></html>

调试index页面

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:99

打开浏览器访问http://开发机器ip地址:99/guestbook/index/

留言展示页面成功

创建留言页面

<!DOCTYPE html><html>  <head>    <meta charset="utf-8" />    <title>留言</title>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" crossorigin="anonymous">  </head>  <body>    <!-- 我是注释 -->    <h3>留言</h3> <!--h1-> h6-->    <!--method: POST /GET -->    <form action="/guestbook/save/" method="POST" novalidate="novalidate">    {% csrf_token %}      <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">        <label>用户名:</label> <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名" /> <br /><br />        <label>标 题:</label> <input type="text" name="title" placeholder="标题" /><br /><br />        <label>内 容:</label> <textarea name="content" placeholder="内容"> </textarea><br /><br />      </table>      <input class="btn btn-success" type="submit" value="留言"/>    </form>  </body></html>

配置APP下的url

vim guestbook/urls.py

urlpatterns = [  url(r'^index/',views.index,name='index'),  #不要忘了逗号  url(r'^create/$', views.create, name='create'),  url(r'^save/$', views.save, name='save'), ]

编辑views.py

#先导入时间模块import datetime#添加create、savedef create(request):  return render(request, 'guestbook/create.html')def save(request):  username = request.POST.get("username")  title = request.POST.get("title")  content = request.POST.get("content")  publish = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")  message = models.Message(title=title, content=content, username=username, publish=publish)  message.save()  return HttpResponseRedirect('/guestbook/index/')

OK，再次运行，enjoy it!

希望本文所述对大家基于Django框架的Python程序设计有所帮助。


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