Django forms组件的使用教程

框架(架构)  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   169

编写Django的form表单，非常类似我们在模型系统里编写一个模型。在模型中，一个字段代表数据表的一列，而form表单中的一个字段代表<form>中的一个<input>元素。

一，forms组件：

校验字段功能

针对一个实例：注册用户讲解。

模型：models.py

class UserInfo(models.Model):  name=models.CharField(max_length=32)  pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)  email=models.EmailField()  tel=models.CharField(max_length=32)

模板: register.html:

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>Title</title></head><body><form action="" method="post">  {% csrf_token %}   <div>    <label for="user">用户名</label>    <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>  </div>  <div>    <label for="pwd">密码</label>    <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>  </div>  <div>    <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>    <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>  </div>   <div>    <label for="email">邮箱</label>    <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>  </div>  <input type="submit"></form></body></html>

视图函数：register

# forms组件from django.forms import widgetswid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})class UserForm(forms.Form):  name=forms.CharField(max_length=32, widget=wid_01 )  pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)  r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)  email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)  tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)def register(request):  if request.method=="POST":    form=UserForm(request.POST)    if form.is_valid():      print(form.cleaned_data)    # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值    else:      print(form.cleaned_data)    #      print(form.errors)       # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}      print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]    return HttpResponse("OK")  form=UserForm()  return render(request,"register.html",locals())

1，渲染标签功能

渲染方式1

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>Title</title>  <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"></head><body><h3>注册页面</h3><div class="container">  <div class="row">    <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">        <form action="" method="post">          {% csrf_token %}          <div><label for="">用户名</label>{{ form.name }}          </div>          <div><label for="">密码</label>{{ form.pwd }}          </div>          <div><label for="">确认密码</label>{{ form.r_pwd }}          </div>          <div><label for=""> 邮箱</label>{{ form.email }}          </div>          <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">        </form>    </div>  </div></div></body></html>

渲染方式2

<form action="" method="post">          {% csrf_token %}          {% for field in form %}<div>  <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>  {{ field }}</div>          {% endfor %}          <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"></form>

渲染方式3

<form action="" method="post">  {% csrf_token %}  {{ form.as_p }}  <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"></form>

2，显示错误与重置输入信息功能

视图

def register(request):  if request.method=="POST":    form=UserForm(request.POST)    if form.is_valid():      print(form.cleaned_data)    # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值    else:      print(form.cleaned_data)    #      print(form.errors)       # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}      print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]    return render(request,"register.html",locals())  form=UserForm()  return render(request,"register.html",locals())

模板

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>  {% csrf_token %}  {% for field in form %}    <div>      <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>      {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>    </div>  {% endfor %}  <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default"></form>

3，局部钩子与全局钩子

模板

# forms组件from django.forms import widgetswid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})from django.core.exceptions import ValidationErrorclass UserForm(forms.Form):  name=forms.CharField(max_length=32, widget=wid_01 )  pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)  r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)  email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)  tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)  # 局部钩子  def clean_name(self):    val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")    if not val.isdigit():      return val    else:      raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字!")  # 全局钩子  def clean(self):    pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")    r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")    if pwd==r_pwd:      return self.cleaned_data    else:      raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致!')def register(request):  if request.method=="POST":    form=UserForm(request.POST)    if form.is_valid():      print(form.cleaned_data)    # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值    else:      clean_error=form.errors.get("__all__")    return render(request,"register.html",locals())  form=UserForm()  return render(request,"register.html",locals())

视图

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>      {% csrf_token %}      {% for field in form %}        <div>          <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>          {{ field }}          <span class="pull-right" style="color: red"> {% if field.label == 'R pwd' %} <span>{{ clean_error.0 }}</span> {% endif %} {{ field.errors.0 }}          </span>        </div>      {% endfor %}      <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default"></form>

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。


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