Django实现组合搜索的方法示例-侯体宗的博客

Django实现组合搜索的方法示例
框架(架构) / 管理员发布于 7年前 336

一、实现方法

1.纯模板语言实现

2.自定义simpletag实现（本质是简化了纯模板语言的判断）

二、基本原理

原理都是通过django路由系统，匹配url筛选条件，将筛选条件作为数据库查询结果，返回给前端。

例如：路由系统中的url格式是这样：

url(r'^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html',views.filter)

其中article_type_id和category_id和数据库中字段是相对应的，此时当一个url为article-1-2.html时候，后台处理函数的参数将是一个字典{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1}，然后将该条件作为数据库查询条件，最后得出结果返回给前端

三、代码样例

方法1：纯模板语言实现

urls.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_#Author:wdfrom django.conf.urls import urlfrom . import viewsurlpatterns = [  url(r'^$',views.index),  url(r'^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html',views.filter),]

models.py

from django.db import modelsclass Category(models.Model):  caption=models.CharField(max_length=64)class Article_type(models.Model):  caption=models.CharField(max_length=64)class Article(models.Model):  title=models.CharField(max_length=64)  content=models.CharField(max_length=256)  category=models.ForeignKey(to='Category')  article_type=models.ForeignKey(to='Article_type'

views.py

def filter(request,*args,**kwargs):  if request.method=="GET":    condition={}    for k,v in kwargs.items():          kwargs[k]=int(v) #模板if判断row.id是数字，所以这里需要转换          if v=="0":#当条件为0代表所选的是全部，那么就不必要加入到过滤条件中pass          else:condition[k]=int(v)    aritcle=models.Article.objects.filter(**condition)    aritcle_type=models.Article_type.objects.all()    aritcle_category=models.Category.objects.all()    return render(request,'search.html',{      'aritcle':aritcle,      'article_type':aritcle_type,      'article_category':aritcle_category,      'article_arg':kwargs,#将当前的筛选条件传递给html    })

html模板

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>Title</title>  <style>    .container a{      display: inline-block;      padding: 3px 5px;      margin: 5px;      border: 1px solid #dddddd ;    }    .active{      background-color: rebeccapurple;    }  </style></head><body><h1>搜索条件</h1><div class="container">  {% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %}    <a class="active" href="https:cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>  {% else %}     <a href="https:cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>  {% endif %}  {% for row in article_type %}    {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}      <a class="active" href="https:cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>    {% else %}      <a href="https:cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>    {% endif %}  {% endfor %}</div><div class="container">   {% if article_arg.category_id == 0 %}    <a class="active" href="https:cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>  {% else %}     <a href="https:cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>  {% endif %}  {% for row in article_category %}    {% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %}    <a class="active" href="https:cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>    {% else %}    <a href="https:cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>    {% endif %}  {% endfor %}</div><h1>查询结果</h1><div>  {% for row in aritcle %}    <div>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</div>  {% endfor %}</div></body></html>

方法二：使用simpletag实现

定义simpletag

myfilter.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_#Author:wdfrom django import templatefrom django.utils.safestring import mark_saferegister=template.Library()@register.simple_tagdef filter_all(article_arg,condition):  '''  处理条件为全部  :param article_arg: 当前url字典：如{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1}  :param condition: 要处理的条件，如article_type_id，用于区分当前处理选择了那个全部  :return: 返回下面页面形式  {% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %}    <a class="active" href="https:cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>  {% else %}     <a href="https:cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>  {% endif %}  {% for row in article_type %}    {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}      <a class="active" href="https:cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>    {% else %}      <a href="https:cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>    {% endif %}  {% endfor %}  '''  if condition=='article_type_id':    if article_arg[condition]==0:      print(article_arg['category_id'])      res= '<a class ="active" href="https:cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['category_id']    else:      res = '<a href="https:cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['category_id']    return mark_safe(res)  elif condition=='category_id':    if article_arg['category_id']==0:      res = '<a class ="active" href="https:cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['article_type_id']    else:      res = '<a href="https:cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['article_type_id']    return mark_safe(res)@register.simple_tagdef filter_type(article_type,article_arg):  '''  :param article_type: article_type对象  :param article_arg: 当前url字典  :return:   {% for row in article_type %}    {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}      <a class="active" href="https:cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>    {% else %}      <a href="https:cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>    {% endif %}  {% endfor %}   '''  res=[]  for row in article_type:    if row.id== article_arg['article_type_id']:      temp='<a class="active" href="https:cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' %(row.id,article_arg['category_id'],row.caption)    else:      temp = '<a href="https:cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (row.id, article_arg['category_id'],row.caption)    res.append(temp)  return mark_safe("".join(res))@register.simple_tagdef filter_category(article_category,article_arg):  '''  :param article_type: article_category对象  :param article_arg: 当前url字典  :return:   {% for row in article_category %}    {% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %}    <a class="active" href="https:cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>    {% else %}    <a href="https:cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>    {% endif %}  {% endfor %}   '''  res=[]  for row in article_category:    if row.id== article_arg['category_id']:      temp='<a class="active" href="https:cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' %(article_arg['article_type_id'],row.id,row.caption)    else:      temp = '<a href="https:cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (article_arg['article_type_id'],row.id,row.caption)    res.append(temp)  return mark_safe("".join(res))

html模板

{% load myfilter %}<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>Title</title>  <style>    .container a{      display: inline-block;      padding: 3px 5px;      margin: 5px;      border: 1px solid #dddddd ;    }    .active{      background-color: rebeccapurple;    }  </style></head><body><h1>搜索条件</h1><div class="container">  {% filter_all article_arg 'article_type_id' %}  {% filter_type article_type article_arg %}</div><div class="container">  {% filter_all article_arg 'category_id' %}  {% filter_category article_category article_arg %}</div><h1>查询结果</h1><div>  {% for row in aritcle %}    <div>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</div>  {% endfor %}</div></body></html>

ps附上简图：

四、其他变化

在如上的示例中，我们的过滤条件是从数据库中拿到，有时候我们定义的时候使用的是静态字段，此时组合搜索会稍微修改。

1.model定义

class Article(models.Model):  title=models.CharField(max_length=64)  content=models.CharField(max_length=256)  category=models.ForeignKey(to='Category')  article_type=(  #使用静态字段放入内存    (1,'linux'),    (2,'python'),    (3,'go'),  )

2.处理函数变化

###获取####aritcle_type=models.Article.article_type#直接获取类的静态字段

3.simpletag相应改变

###由于我们传递的元祖，所以取值使用元祖方式article_type[0]# 筛选条件idarticle_type[1]# 筛选条件名称

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。

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