Oracle基础多条sql执行在中间的语句出现错误时的控制方式

数据库  /  管理员 发布于 6年前   330

多条sql执行时如果在中间的语句出现错误，后续会不会直接执行，如何进行设定，以及其他数据库诸如Mysql是如何对应的，这篇文章将会进行简单的整理和说明。

环境准备

使用Oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境，详细可参看：

• https:///article/153533.htm

多行语句的正常执行

对上篇文章创建的两个字段的学生信息表，正常添加三条数据，详细如下：

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF> desc student> select * from student;> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');> insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');> commit;> select * from student;> EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:08:35 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)SQL> no rows selectedSQL> 1 row created.SQL> 1 row created.SQL> 1 row created.SQL> Commit complete.SQL>    STUID STUNAME---------- --------------------------------------------------   1001 liumiaocn   1002 liumiao   1003 michaelSQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production#

多行语句中间出错时的缺省动作

问题：

三行insert语句，如果中间的一行出错，缺省的状况下第三行会不会被插入进去？

我们将第二条insert语句的主键故意设定重复，然后进行确认第三条数据是否会进行插入即可。

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOFdesc studentdelete from student;select * from student;insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select * from student;commit;> > > > >    > EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:15:16 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)SQL> 2 rows deleted.SQL> no rows selectedSQL> 1 row created.SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violatedSQL> 1 row created.SQL>    STUID STUNAME---------- --------------------------------------------------   1001 liumiaocn   1003 michaelSQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production# 

结果非常清晰地表明是会继续执行的，在oracle中通过什么来对其进行控制呢？

WHENEVER SQLERROR

答案很简单，在oracle中通过WHENEVER SQLERROR来进行控制。

WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable | :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}

WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT

添加此行设定，即会在失败的时候立即推出，接下来我们进行确认：

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOFWHENEVER SQLERROR EXITdesc studentdelete from student;select * from student;insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select * from student;commit;> > > > > > > > > > EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:27:15 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)SQL> 2 rows deleted.SQL> no rows selectedSQL> 1 row created.SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violatedDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production# 

WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE

使用CONTINUE则和缺省方式下的行为一致，出错仍然继续执行

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOFWHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUEdesc studentdelete from student;select * from student;insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');insert into student values (1003, 'michael');select * from student;commit;> > > > > > > > > > EOFSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:31:54 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4) STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)SQL> 1 row deleted.SQL> no rows selectedSQL> 1 row created.SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violatedSQL> 1 row created.SQL>    STUID STUNAME---------- --------------------------------------------------   1001 liumiaocn   1003 michaelSQL> Commit complete.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production#

Mysql中类似的机制

mysql中使用source是否提供相关的类似机制的问题中，最终引入了Oracle此项功能在mysql中引入的建议，详细请参看：

• https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=73177

所以目前这只是一个sqlplus端的强化功能，并非标准，不同数据库需要确认相应的功能是否存在。

小结

Oracle中使用WHENEVER SQLERROR进行出错控制是否继续，本文给出的例子非常简单，详细功能的使用可根据文中列出的Usage进行自行验证和探索。

总结

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