Oracle监听口令及监听器安全详解

数据库  /  管理员 发布于 6年前   174

很多Oracle用户都知道，Oracle的监听器一直存在着一个安全隐患，假如对此不设置安全措施，那么能够访问的用户就可以远程关闭监听器。

相关示例如下：

D:>lsnrctl stop eygleLSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 28-11月-2007 10:02:40Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=eygle)))

命令执行成功

大家可以发现，此时缺省的监听器的日志还无法记录操作地址：

No longer listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))28-NOV-2007 09:59:20 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=)(USER=Administrator))(COMMAND=stop)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=eygle)(VERSION=169870080)) * stop * 0

有鉴于此，为了更好的保证监听器的安全，大家最好为监听设置密码：

[oracle@jumper log]$ lsnrctlLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-NOV-2007 10:18:17Copyright (c) 1991, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.LSNRCTL> set current_listener listenerCurrent Listener is listenerLSNRCTL> change_passwordOld password:New password:Reenter new password:Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))Password changed for listenerThe command completed successfullyLSNRCTL> set passwordPassword:The command completed successfullyLSNRCTL> save_configConnecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))Saved LISTENER configuration parameters.Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.oraOld Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.bakThe command completed successfully

在我们设置密码后，远程操作将会因缺失密码而出现失败：

D:>lsnrctl stop eygleLSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 28-11月-2007 10:22:57Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=eygle)))

TNS-01169: 监听程序尚未识别口令

注意：此时在服务器端或客户端，都需要我们通过密码来起停监听器：

LSNRCTL> set passwordPassword:The command completed successfullyLSNRCTL> stopConnecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))The command completed successfullyLSNRCTL> startStarting /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - ProductionSystem parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.oraLog messages written to /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/log/listener.logTrace information written to /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/trace/listener.trcListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - ProductionStart Date 28-NOV-2007 10:22:23Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 secTrace Level supportSecurity ONSNMP OFFListener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/log/listener.logListener Trace File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/trace/listener.trcListening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))Services Summary...Service "eygle" has 1 instance(s).Instance "eygle", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "julia" has 1 instance(s).Instance "eygle", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully

另外，ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS参数也是一个重要的安全选项，大家可以在 listener.ora 文件中设置 ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS_ 为 ON，此后所有在运行时对监听器的修改都将会被阻止，所有对监听器的修改都必须通过手工修改listener.ora文件才能顺利完成。