Python 调用 zabbix api的方法示例

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   189

前提准备：

1.使用python requests模块

2.了解json

3.zabbix api的具体调用建议先浏览一下官网

先上代码：

import requests,json##url一定要正确，IP地址换成自己zabbix服务器的zbx_url = "http://192.168.60.130:3080/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"#在post请求头部必须要有 'Content-Type': 'application/json-rpc'headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json-rpc'}#传递json 数据到api;登录login = {  "jsonrpc": "2.0",  "method": "user.login",  "params": {    "user": "Admin",    "password": "zabbix"  },  "id": 1}#首次登陆不用在json字段中写 auth，否则会有相关的报错#将数据发送到apiret = requests.post(zbx_url, data=json.dumps(login), headers=headers)#对结果进行序列化ret = ret.json()auth = ret['result']#获取问题主机jsondata = {  "jsonrpc": "2.0",  "method":"trigger.get",  "params": {    # output表示输出结果包含参数有哪些    "output": [      "triggerid",      "description",      "status",      "value",      "priority",      "lastchange",      "recovery_mode",      "hosts",      "state",    ],    "selectHosts": "hosts", # 需包含主机ID信息，以便于根据主机ID查询主机信息    "selectItems":"items",    "filter": {      # 筛选条件       "value": 1,#value值为1表示有问题       "status": 0#status为0表示已启用的trigger    },  },  "auth":auth,#这里的auth就是登录后获取的  'id':'1'#这个id可以随意}#将查询数据发送到zabbix-serverret = requests.post(zbx_url,data=json.dumps(data),headers=headers)respone_result = ret.json()['result']#对结果进行json序列化print(respone_result)

下面简单介绍一下上诉代码：

要调用zabbix api获取数据，首先要获得auth这一串字符用户后续的内容获取，auth可以看做是一种你与zabbix-server之间的"暗号"；

登录的json内容之所以这样写是zabbix官方规定的，json字符串里面千万不能使用tab键。

login = {  "jsonrpc": "2.0",  "method": "user.login",  "params": {    "user": "Admin",     #根据自己的情况填    "password": "zabbix"   #根据自己的条件填写  },  "id": 1}

获取问题主机的json字符串建议先浏览一下官网的说明，要强调的是output和filter这两个key，output就是zabbix api返回来的内容，filter相当于是过滤条件：

"filter": {      # 筛选条件       "value": 1,       #value值为1表示有问题       "status": 0       #status为0表示已启用的trigger    },

上诉代码表示 value=1 and status=0，是一种与关系，很像查数据库表时候的过滤操作。

强烈建议先大概浏览一下官网文档

PS:Python通过Zabbix API获得数据的方法

Zabbix API查询：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.0/manual/appendix/api/api

import json,urllib2from urllib2 import Request, urlopen, URLError, HTTPError#url and url header#zabbix的api 地址，用户名，密码，这里修改为自己实际的参数zabbix_url="http://10.16.2.40/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"zabbix_header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}zabbix_user  = "admin"zabbix_pass  = "password"auth_code   = ""#auth user and password#用户认证信息的部分，最终的目的是得到一个SESSIONID#这里是生成一个json格式的数据，用户名和密码auth_data = json.dumps(    {      "jsonrpc":"2.0",      "method":"user.login",      "params":          {"user":zabbix_user,"password":zabbix_pass          },      "id":0    })# create request objectrequest = urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,auth_data)for key in zabbix_header:  request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])try:  result = urllib2.urlopen(request)#对于出错新的处理except HTTPError, e:  print 'The server couldn\'t fulfill the request, Error code: ', e.codeexcept URLError, e:  print 'We failed to reach a server.Reason: ', e.reasonelse:  response=json.loads(result.read())  print response  result.close()#判断SESSIONID是否在返回的数据中if 'result' in response:  auth_code=response['result']else:  print response['error']['data']      # request json#用得到的SESSIONID去通过验证，获取主机的信息（用http.get方法）if len(auth_code) <> 0:  host_list=[]  get_host_data = json.dumps(  {    "jsonrpc":"2.0",    "method":"host.get",    "params":{        "output": "extend",    },    "auth":auth_code,    "id":1,  })  # create request object  request = urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,get_host_data)  for key in zabbix_header:    request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])  # get host list  try:    result = urllib2.urlopen(request)  except URLError as e:    if hasattr(e, 'reason'):      print 'We failed to reach a server.'      print 'Reason: ', e.reason    elif hasattr(e, 'code'):      print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'      print 'Error code: ', e.code  else:    response = json.loads(result.read())    result.close()    #将所有的主机信息显示出来    for r in response['result']:    #  print r['hostid'],r['host']      host_list.append(r['hostid'])    #显示主机的个数    print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(host_list)  　　#返回所有hostid==10251的主机，并只查询name包含“CPU Usage”字段的item，并按照name排序  get_item_data = json.dumps({    "jsonrpc": "2.0",    "method": "item.get",    "params": {      "output": "extend",      "hostids": "10251"      "search": {        #"key_": 'perf_counter[\Processor Information(_Total)\% Processor Time]'        "name": "CPU Usage"      },      "sortfield": "name"    },    "auth": auth_code,    "id": 1  })  request = urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,get_item_data)  for key in zabbix_header:    request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])  result = urllib2.urlopen(request)  try:    result = urllib2.urlopen(request)      response = json.loads(result.read())    for r in response['result']:      print r['itemid'],r['hostid']    result.close()    except:    pass  #通过hostid获取相应的graphid  get_graph_data = json.dumps({    "jsonrpc": "2.0",    "method": "graphitem.get",    "params": {      "output": "extend",      "expandData": 1,      "itemids": "33712"    },    "auth": auth_code,    "id": 1  })  request = urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,get_graph_data)  for key in zabbix_header:    request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])  result = urllib2.urlopen(request)  try:    result = urllib2.urlopen(request)      response = json.loads(result.read())    for r in response['result']:      print r['itemid'],r['graphid']    result.close()    except:    pass

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。