python2.7实现邮件发送功能

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   397

要想实现一个能够发送带有文本、图片、附件的python程序，首先要熟悉两大模块：

email以及smtplib

然后对于MIME（邮件扩展）要有一定认知，因为有了扩展才能发送附件以及图片这些媒体或者非文本信息

最后一个比较细节的方法就是MIMEMultipart，要理解其用法以及对应参数所实现的功能区别

发送邮件三部曲：

创建协议对象
连接邮件服务器
登陆并发送邮件

from email.header import Headerfrom email.mime.base import MIMEBasefrom email.mime.text import MIMETextimport mimetypesfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartimport osimport smtplibfrom email import Encoders as email_encodersclass Message(object): def __init__(self, from_addr, to_addr, subject="", html="", text=None, cc_addr=[], attachment=[]):  self.from_addr = from_addr  self.subject = subject  if to_addr:   if isinstance(to_addr, list):    self.to_addr = to_addr   else:    self.to_addr = [d for d in to_addr.split(',')]  else:   self.to_addr = []  if cc_addr:   if isinstance(cc_addr, list):    self.cc_addr = cc_addr   else:    self.cc_addr = [d for d in cc_addr.split(',')]  else:   self.cc_addr = []  if html is not None:   self.body = html   self.body_type = "html"  else:   self.body = text   self.body_type = "plain"  self.parts = []  if isinstance(attachment, list):   for file in attachment:    self.add_attachment(file) def add_attachment(self, file_path, mimetype=None):  """   If *mimetype* is not specified an attempt to guess it is made. If nothing   is guessed then `application/octet-stream` is used.  """  if not mimetype:   mimetype, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)  if mimetype is None:   mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'  type_maj, type_min = mimetype.split('/')  with open(file_path, 'rb') as fh:   part_data = fh.read()   part = MIMEBase(type_maj, type_min)   part.set_payload(part_data)   email_encoders.encode_base64(part)   part_filename = os.path.basename(file_path)   part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"'       % part_filename)   part.add_header('Content-ID', part_filename)   self.parts.append(part) def __to_mime_message(self):  """Returns the message as  :py:class:`email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart`."""  ## To get the message work in iOS, you need use multipart/related, not the multipart/alternative  msg = MIMEMultipart('related')  msg['Subject'] = self.subject  msg['From'] = self.from_addr  msg['To'] = ','.join(self.to_addr)  if len(self.cc_addr) > 0:   msg['CC'] = ','.join(self.cc_addr)  body = MIMEText(self.body, self.body_type)  msg.attach(body)  # Add Attachment  for part in self.parts:   msg.attach(part)  return msg def send(self, smtp_server='localhost'):  smtp = smtplib.SMTP()  smtp.connect(smtp_server)  smtp.sendmail(from_addr=self.from_addr, to_addrs=self.to_addr + self.cc_addr, msg=self.__to_mime_message().as_string())  smtp.close()

对于实际发送程序，要注意个参数的类型，比如from_addr是字符串，to_addr和cc_addr以及attachment都是列表

from mail_base import Messageimport datetimefrom_addr = 'xxx'mail_to = 'xxx'def send_go(): time_now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M') attach_files = ['testcsv.xlsm','test1.jpg','test2.jpg','test3.jpg'] mail_msg = """  <p>Hi Lockey:</p>  <p><img src="https:/article/cid:test1.jpg"></p>####要特别注意这里，正文插入图片的特殊格式！！！  <hr/>  <p style="text-indent:16px">Here is the latest paper link from The Economist, you can click <a href="https://lockeycheng.github.io/iooi/index.html" rel="external nofollow" >Go</a> for a full view!</p>  <hr/>  <p>Best Regards</p>  <p>   Any question please mail to <a href='https:/article/mailto:[email protected]'>Lockey23</a>.  </p>  <p>Sent at {} PST</p>  """.format(time_now) subject = '[Halo] - ' + 'A new paper published!' msg = Message(from_addr=from_addr,     to_addr=[mail_to],     cc_addr=[mail_to],     subject=subject,     attachment=attach_files,     html=mail_msg     ) msg.send()if __name__ == '__main__': send_go()

对于测试程序我们命名为sendGo.py，运行测试程序

~$ python sendGo.py

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。