对python抓取需要登录网站数据的方法详解

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   165

scrapy.FormRequest

login.py

class LoginSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'login_spider' start_urls = ['http://www.login.com'] def parse(self, response):  return [   scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(     response,     # username和password要根据实际页面的表单的name字段进行修改     formdata={'username': 'your_username', 'password': 'your_password'},     callback=self.after_login)] def after_login(self, response):  # 登录后的代码  pass

selenium登录获取cookie

get_cookie_by_selenium.py

import pickleimport timefrom selenium import webdriverdef get_cookies(): url = 'https://www.test.com' web_driver = webdriver.Chrome() web_driver.get(url) username = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-email') username.send_keys('username') password = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-password') password.send_keys('password') login_button = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-submit') login_button.click() time.sleep(3) cookies = web_driver.get_cookies() web_driver.close() return cookiesif __name__ == '__main__': cookies = get_cookies() pickle.dump(cookies, open('cookies.pkl', 'wb'))

获取浏览器cookie(以Ubuntu的Firefox为例)

get_cookie_by_firefox.py

import sqlite3import pickledef get_cookie_by_firefox(): cookie_path = '/home/name/.mozilla/firefox/bqtvfe08.default/cookies.sqlite' with sqlite3.connect(cookie_path) as conn:  sql = 'select name,value from moz_cookies where baseDomain="test.com"'  cur = conn.cursor()  cookies = [{'name': name, 'value': value} for name, value in cur.execute(sql).fetchall()]  return cookiesif __name__ == '__main__': cookies = get_cookie_from_firefox() pickle.dump(cookies, open('cookies.pkl', 'wb'))

scrapy使用获取后的cookie

cookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))yield scrapy.Request(url, cookies=cookies, callback=self.parse)

requests使用获取后的cookie

cookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))s = requests.Session()for cookie in cookies: s.cookies.set(cookie['name'], cookie['value'])

selenium使用获取后的cookie

from selenium import webdrivercookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))w = webdriver.Chrome()# 直接添加cookie会报错，下面是一种解决方案，可能有更好的# -- start --w.get('http://www.test.com')w.delete_all_cookies()# -- end --for cookie in cookies: w.add_cookie(cookie)

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