python利用标准库如何获取本地IP示例详解

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   178

标准库

Python拥有一个强大的标准库。Python语言的核心只包含数字、字符串、列表、字典、文件等常见类型和函数，而由Python标准库提供了系统管理、网络通信、文本处理、数据库接口、图形系统、XML处理等额外的功能。

Python标准库的主要功能有：

      1.文本处理，包含文本格式化、正则表达式匹配、文本差异计算与合并、Unicode支持，二进制数据处理等功能

      2.文件处理，包含文件操作、创建临时文件、文件压缩与归档、操作配置文件等功能

      3.操作系统功能，包含线程与进程支持、IO复用、日期与时间处理、调用系统函数、日志（logging）等功能

      4.网络通信，包含网络套接字，SSL加密通信、异步网络通信等功能

      5.网络协议，支持HTTP，FTP，SMTP，POP，IMAP，NNTP，XMLRPC等多种网络协议，并提供了编写网络服务器的框架

      6.W3C格式支持，包含HTML，SGML，XML的处理。

      7.其它功能，包括国际化支持、数学运算、HASH、Tkinter等

python利用标准库获取本地IP

这个最简单,但是也最不靠谱,依赖hosts文件,如果hosts文件没配置,一般容易获取到127.0.0.1

import socketsocket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

import sockets = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))print(s.getsockname()[0])s.close()

import socketalias myip="python -c 'import socket; print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith(\"127.\")][:1], [[(s.connect((\"8.8.8.8\", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])'"  print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1], [[(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])  print((([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")] or [[(s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) + ["no IP found"])[0])   print([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1])  print([(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1])

import osimport socket if os.name != "nt": import fcntl import struct  def get_interface_ip(ifname): s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(), 0x8915, struct.pack('256s',  ifname[:15]))[20:24]) def get_lan_ip(): ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) if ip.startswith("127.") and os.name != "nt": interfaces = [ "eth0", "eth1", "eth2", "wlan0", "wlan1", "wifi0", "ath0", "ath1", "ppp0", ] for ifname in interfaces: try: ip = get_interface_ip(ifname) break except IOError: pass return ip

linux上根据网卡名获取ip

>>> import socket, struct, fcntl>>> sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)>>> sockfd = sock.fileno()>>> SIOCGIFADDR = 0x8915>>>>>> def get_ip(iface = 'eth0'):... ifreq = struct.pack('16sH14s', iface, socket.AF_INET, '\x00'*14)... try:... res = fcntl.ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, ifreq)... except:... return None... ip = struct.unpack('16sH2x4s8x', res)[2]... return socket.inet_ntoa(ip)...>>> get_ip('eth0')'10.80.40.234'>>>

仅限windows

def getIPAddresses(): from ctypes import Structure, windll, sizeof from ctypes import POINTER, byref from ctypes import c_ulong, c_uint, c_ubyte, c_char MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH = 128 MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH = 256 MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH = 8 class IP_ADDR_STRING(Structure): pass LP_IP_ADDR_STRING = POINTER(IP_ADDR_STRING) IP_ADDR_STRING._fields_ = [ ("next", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING), ("ipAddress", c_char * 16), ("ipMask", c_char * 16), ("context", c_ulong)] class IP_ADAPTER_INFO (Structure): pass LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO = POINTER(IP_ADAPTER_INFO) IP_ADAPTER_INFO._fields_ = [ ("next", LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO), ("comboIndex", c_ulong), ("adapterName", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH + 4)), ("description", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH + 4)), ("addressLength", c_uint), ("address", c_ubyte * MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH), ("index", c_ulong), ("type", c_uint), ("dhcpEnabled", c_uint), ("currentIpAddress", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING), ("ipAddressList", IP_ADDR_STRING), ("gatewayList", IP_ADDR_STRING), ("dhcpServer", IP_ADDR_STRING), ("haveWins", c_uint), ("primaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING), ("secondaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING), ("leaseObtained", c_ulong), ("leaseExpires", c_ulong)] GetAdaptersInfo = windll.iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo GetAdaptersInfo.restype = c_ulong GetAdaptersInfo.argtypes = [LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO, POINTER(c_ulong)] adapterList = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO * 10)() buflen = c_ulong(sizeof(adapterList)) rc = GetAdaptersInfo(byref(adapterList[0]), byref(buflen)) if rc == 0: for a in adapterList: adNode = a.ipAddressList while True: ipAddr = adNode.ipAddress if ipAddr:  yield ipAddr adNode = adNode.next if not adNode:  break

第三方库

https://github.com/ftao/python-ifcfg （本地下载）

import ifcfgimport json for name, interface in ifcfg.interfaces().items(): # do something with interface print interface['device'] print interface['inet'] print interface['inet6'] print interface['netmask'] print interface['broadcast'] default = ifcfg.default_interface()

总结

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