Python3中使用urllib的方法详解(header,代理,超时,认证,异常处理)

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   281

我们可以利用urllib来抓取远程的数据进行保存哦，以下是python3 抓取网页资源的多种方法，有需要的可以参考借鉴。

1、最简单

import urllib.requestresponse = urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/')html = response.read()

2、使用 Request

import urllib.requestreq = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/')response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)the_page = response.read()

3、发送数据

#! /usr/bin/env python3import urllib.parseimport urllib.requesturl = 'http://localhost/login.php'user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'values = {'act' : 'login','login[email]' : '[email protected]','login[password]' : '123456'}data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/')response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)the_page = response.read()print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

4、发送数据和header

#! /usr/bin/env python3import urllib.parseimport urllib.requesturl = 'http://localhost/login.php'user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'values = {'act' : 'login','login[email]' : '[email protected]','login[password]' : '123456'}headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)the_page = response.read()print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

5、http 错误

#! /usr/bin/env python3import urllib.requestreq = urllib.request.Request('// ')try:urllib.request.urlopen(req)except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:print(e.code)print(e.read().decode("utf8"))

6、异常处理1

#! /usr/bin/env python3from urllib.request import Request, urlopenfrom urllib.error import URLError, HTTPErrorreq = Request("// /")try:response = urlopen(req)except HTTPError as e:print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.')print('Error code: ', e.code)except URLError as e:print('We failed to reach a server.')print('Reason: ', e.reason)else:print("good!")print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

7、异常处理2

#! /usr/bin/env python3from urllib.request import Request, urlopenfrom urllib.error import URLErrorreq = Request("// /")try:response = urlopen(req)except URLError as e:if hasattr(e, 'reason'):print('We failed to reach a server.')print('Reason: ', e.reason)elif hasattr(e, 'code'):print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.')print('Error code: ', e.code)else:print("good!")print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

8、HTTP 认证

#! /usr/bin/env python3import urllib.request# create a password managerpassword_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()# Add the username and password.# If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.top_level_url = "https:// /"password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, 'rekfan', 'xxxxxx')handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)# create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)# use the opener to fetch a URLa_url = "https:// /"x = opener.open(a_url)print(x.read())# Install the opener.# Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.urllib.request.install_opener(opener)a = urllib.request.urlopen(a_url).read().decode('utf8')print(a)

9、使用代理

#! /usr/bin/env python3import urllib.requestproxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'sock5': 'localhost:1080'})opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)urllib.request.install_opener(opener)a = urllib.request.urlopen("// ").read().decode("utf8")print(a)

10、超时

#! /usr/bin/env python3import socketimport urllib.request# timeout in secondstimeout = 2socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)# this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout# we have set in the socket modulereq = urllib.request.Request('// /')a = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()print(a)

总结

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