flask中的wtforms使用方法

技术  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   324

一、简单介绍flask中的wtforms

WTForms是一个支持多个web框架的form组件，主要用于对用户请求数据进行验证。

安装：

pip3 install wtforms

二、简单使用wtforms组件

1、用户登录

具体代码：

from flask import Flask,render_template,request,redirectfrom wtforms.fields import corefrom wtforms.fields import html5from wtforms.fields import simplefrom wtforms import Formfrom wtforms import validatorsfrom wtforms import widgetsapp = Flask(__name__,template_folder="templates")class Myvalidators(object):  '''自定义验证规则'''  def __init__(self,message):    self.message = message  def __call__(self, form, field):    print(field.data,"用户输入的信息")    if field.data == "haiyan":      return None    raise validators.ValidationError(self.message)class LoginForm(Form):  '''Form'''  name = simple.StringField(    label="用户名",    widget=widgets.TextInput(),    validators=[      Myvalidators(message="用户名必须是haiyan"),#也可以自定义正则      validators.DataRequired(message="用户名不能为空"),      validators.Length(max=8,min=3,message="用户名长度必须大于%(max)d且小于%(min)d")    ],    render_kw={"class":"form-control"} #设置属性  )  pwd = simple.PasswordField(    label="密码",    validators=[      validators.DataRequired(message="密码不能为空"),      validators.Length(max=8,min=3,message="密码长度必须大于%(max)d且小于%(min)d"),      validators.Regexp(regex="\d+",message="密码必须是数字"),    ],    widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),    render_kw={"class":"form-control"}  )@app.route('/login',methods=["GET","POST"])def login():  if request.method =="GET":    form = LoginForm()    return render_template("login.html",form=form)  else:    form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)    if form.validate():      print("用户提交的数据用过格式验证，值为：%s"%form.data)      return "登录成功"    else:      print(form.errors,"错误信息")    return render_template("login.html",form=form)if __name__ == '__main__':  # app.__call__()  app.run(debug=True)

login.html

<body><form action="" method="post" novalidate>  <p>{{ form.name.label }} {{ form.name }} {{ form.name.errors.0 }}</p>  <p>{{ form.pwd.label }} {{ form.pwd }} {{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</p>  <input type="submit" value="提交">  <!--用户名：<input type="text">-->  <!--密码：<input type="password">-->  <!--<input type="submit" value="提交">--></form></body>

2、用户注册

from flask import Flask,render_template,redirect,requestfrom wtforms import Formfrom wtforms.fields import corefrom wtforms.fields import html5from wtforms.fields import simplefrom wtforms import validatorsfrom wtforms import widgetsapp = Flask(__name__,template_folder="templates")app.debug = True=======================simple===========================class RegisterForm(Form):  name = simple.StringField(    label="用户名",    validators=[      validators.DataRequired()    ],    widget=widgets.TextInput(),    render_kw={"class":"form-control"},    default="haiyan"  )  pwd = simple.PasswordField(    label="密码",    validators=[      validators.DataRequired(message="密码不能为空")    ]  )  pwd_confim = simple.PasswordField(    label="重复密码",    validators=[      validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'),      validators.EqualTo('pwd',message="两次密码不一致")    ],    widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),    render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}  )　　========================html5============================  email = html5.EmailField( #注意这里用的是html5.EmailField    label='邮箱',    validators=[      validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'),      validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误')    ],    widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'),    render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}  )　　===================以下是用core来调用的=======================  gender = core.RadioField(    label="性别",    choices=(      (1,"男"),      (1,"女"),    ),    coerce=int #限制是int类型的  )  city = core.SelectField(    label="城市",    choices=(      ("bj","北京"),      ("sh","上海"),    )  )  hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(    label='爱好',    choices=(      (1, '篮球'),      (2, '足球'),    ),    coerce=int  )  favor = core.SelectMultipleField(    label="喜好",    choices=(      (1, '篮球'),      (2, '足球'),    ),    widget = widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),    option_widget = widgets.CheckboxInput(),    coerce = int,    default = [1, 2]  )  def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): #这里的self是一个RegisterForm对象    '''重写__init__方法'''    super(RegisterForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) #继承父类的init方法    self.favor.choices =((1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球')) #吧RegisterForm这个类里面的favor重新赋值  def validate_pwd_confim(self,field,):    '''    自定义pwd_config字段规则，例：与pwd字段是否一致    :param field:    :return:    '''    # 最开始初始化时，self.data中已经有所有的值    if field.data != self.data['pwd']:      # raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证      raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致") # 不再继续后续验证@app.route('/register',methods=["GET","POST"])def register():  if request.method=="GET":    form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 1}) #默认是1,    return render_template("register.html",form=form)  else:    form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)    if form.validate(): #判断是否验证成功      print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data) #所有的正确信息    else:      print(form.errors) #所有的错误信息    return render_template('register.html', form=form)if __name__ == '__main__':  app.run()

register.html

<body><h1>用户注册</h1><form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0 50px">  {% for item in form %}  <p>{{item.label}}: {{item}} {{item.errors[0] }}</p>  {% endfor %}  <input type="submit" value="提交"></form></body>

3、meta

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, sessionfrom wtforms import Formfrom wtforms.csrf.core import CSRFfrom wtforms.fields import corefrom wtforms.fields import html5from wtforms.fields import simplefrom wtforms import validatorsfrom wtforms import widgetsfrom hashlib import md5app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')app.debug = Trueclass MyCSRF(CSRF):  """  Generate a CSRF token based on the user's IP. I am probably not very  secure, so don't use me.  """  def setup_form(self, form):    self.csrf_context = form.meta.csrf_context()    self.csrf_secret = form.meta.csrf_secret    return super(MyCSRF, self).setup_form(form)  def generate_csrf_token(self, csrf_token):    gid = self.csrf_secret + self.csrf_context    token = md5(gid.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()    return token  def validate_csrf_token(self, form, field):    print(field.data, field.current_token)    if field.data != field.current_token:      raise ValueError('Invalid CSRF')class TestForm(Form):  name = html5.EmailField(label='用户名')  pwd = simple.StringField(label='密码')  class Meta:    # -- CSRF    # 是否自动生成CSRF标签    csrf = True    # 生成CSRF标签name    csrf_field_name = 'csrf_token'    # 自动生成标签的值，加密用的csrf_secret    csrf_secret = 'xxxxxx'    # 自动生成标签的值，加密用的csrf_context    csrf_context = lambda x: request.url    # 生成和比较csrf标签    csrf_class = MyCSRF    # -- i18n    # 是否支持本地化    # locales = False    locales = ('zh', 'en')    # 是否对本地化进行缓存    cache_translations = True    # 保存本地化缓存信息的字段    translations_cache = {}@app.route('/index/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])def index():  if request.method == 'GET':    form = TestForm()  else:    form = TestForm(formdata=request.form)    if form.validate():      print(form)  return render_template('index.html', form=form)if __name__ == '__main__':  app.run()

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。


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