ORACLE 12C PDB 维护基础知识介绍

数据库  /  管理员 发布于 6年前   239

先说基本用法：
先按11G之前进行
conn / as sysdba;
create user test identifed by test;

ORA-65096: 公用用户名或角色名无效.

查官方文档得知“试图创建一个通用用户，必需要用C##或者c##开头”，这时候心里会有疑问，什么是common user？不管先建成功了再说
create C##user test identifed by test;
创建成功

SQL>show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;

CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE

---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------

2 4066409480 PDB$SEED READ ONLY

3 2270995695 PDBORCL MOUNTED

SQL>alter session set container=PDBORCL;
这时再用create user test identifed by test;建立用户就可以了。

CDB和PDB是ORACLE 12C一个很亮的新特性,由于他们的引入导致传统的ORACLE数据库管理理念不少发生了改变,这里列举了部分最基本的cdb和pdb管理方式
cdb和pdb关系图

ORACLE 12C版本

SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER    CON_ID-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production       0PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production  0CORE  12.1.0.1.0   Production    0TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production          0NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production  0

启动关闭pdb

SQL> startupORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 597098496 bytesFixed Size         2291072 bytesVariable Size       272632448 bytesDatabase Buffers     314572800 bytesRedo Buffers        7602176 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;   CON_ID    DBID NAME  OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------     2 4048821679 PDB$SEEDREAD ONLY     3 3313918585 PDB1  MOUNTED     4 3872456618 PDB2  MOUNTED SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 open; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;   CON_ID    DBID NAME  OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------     2 4048821679 PDB$SEEDREAD ONLY     3 3313918585 PDB1  READ WRITE     4 3872456618 PDB2  MOUNTED SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 close; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;   CON_ID    DBID NAME  OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------     2 4048821679 PDB$SEEDREAD ONLY     3 3313918585 PDB1  MOUNTED     4 3872456618 PDB2  MOUNTED SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database all open; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;   CON_ID    DBID NAME  OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------     2 4048821679 PDB$SEEDREAD ONLY     3 3313918585 PDB1  READ WRITE     4 3872456618 PDB2  READ WRITE SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database all close; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;   CON_ID    DBID NAME  OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------     2 4048821679 PDB$SEEDREAD ONLY     3 3313918585 PDB1  MOUNTED     4 3872456618 PDB2  MOUNTED SQL> alter session set container=pdb1; Session altered. SQL> startupPluggable Database opened.SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;   CON_ID    DBID NAME  OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------     3 3313918585 PDB1  READ WRITE

pdb的管理可以在cdb中进行也可以在pdb中进行,如果是cdb中进行,需要PLUGGABLE关键字,如果是pdb中直接和普通数据库一样

登录pdb

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2013 08:07:02 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias           LISTENERVersion          TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date        11-MAY-2013 18:30:54Uptime          0 days 13 hr. 36 min. 8 secTrace Level        offSecurity         ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP           OFFListener Parameter File  /u01/app/grid/product/12.1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File     /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/oracle/12.1/db_1/admin/cdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))Services Summary...Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "cdb" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "cdbXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "pdb1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "pdb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ tnsping pdb1 TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2013 08:07:09 Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files:  Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the aliasAttempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xifenfei)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1)))OK (20 msec)[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:08:02 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.  Connected to:Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analyticsand Real Application Testing options SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME------------------------------PDB1  [oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:09:14 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.  Connected to:Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analyticsand Real Application Testing options SQL> alter session set container=pdb1; Session altered. SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME------------------------------PDB1

pdb可以通过alter session container进入也可以直接通过tns方式登录

创建用户

SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME------------------------------CDB$ROOT SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;   CON_ID    DBID NAME  OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------     2 4048821679 PDB$SEEDREAD ONLY     3 3313918585 PDB1  READ WRITE     4 3872456618 PDB2  MOUNTED SQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei;create user xff identified by xifenfei      *ERROR at line 1:ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name  SQL> !oerr ora 6509665096, 00000, "invalid common user or role name"// *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name//     that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to//     the usual rules for user and role names, common user and role //     names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII //     characters.// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.// SQL> create user c##xff identified by xifenfei; User created. SQL> SELECT USERNAME,CON_ID,USER_ID FROM CDB_USERS WHERE USERNAME='C##XFF'; USERNAME    CON_ID  USER_ID---------- ---------- ----------C##XFF       1    103C##XFF       3    104 SQL> alter session set container=pdb1; Session altered. SQL> show con_name CON_NAME------------------------------PDB1SQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei; User created. SQL> create user c##abc identified by xifenfei;create user c##abc identified by xifenfei      *ERROR at line 1:ORA-65094: invalid local user or role name

创建用户默认的是container=all,在cdb中只能创建全局用户(c##开头),会在cdb和所有的pdb中创建该用户(但是pdb中的全局用户需要另外授权才能够在pdb中访问)。在pdb中只能创建的用户为本地用户

用户授权

SQL> grant connect to c##xff; Grant succeeded. SQL> select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='CONNECT' AND GRANTEE='C##XFF'; GRANTEE  CON_ID------------------------------ ----------C##XFF     1 SQL> grant resource to c##xff container=all; Grant succeeded. SQL> select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='RESOURCE' AND GRANTEE='C##XFF'; GRANTEE  CON_ID------------------------------ ----------C##XFF     1C##XFF     3

用户授权默认情况下是只会给当前container,在cdb中也可以指定container=all,对所有open的pdb且存在该用户都进行授权

修改参数

SQL> alter system set open_cursors=500 container=all; System altered. SQL> conn sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdbaConnected.SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME     TYPE    VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------open_cursors integer   500SQL> alter system set open_cursors=100; alter system set open_cursors=100*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01219: database or pluggable database not open: queries allowed on fixedtables or views only  SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> alter system set open_cursors=100; System altered. SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME     TYPE    VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------open_cursors integer   100SQL> conn / as sysdbaConnected.SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME     TYPE    VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------open_cursors integer   500

这里可以看到在cdb中修改,pdb会继承进去;如果在pdb中修改会覆盖pdb从cdb中继承的参数含义