详解在ASP.NET Core中使用Angular2以及与Angular2的Token base身份认证
前端 / 管理员 发布于 5年前 349
Angular2是对Angular1的一次彻底的，破坏性的更新。
相对于Angular1.x，借用某果的广告语，唯一的不同，就是处处都不同。
•首先，推荐的语言已经不再是Javascript，取而代之的TypeScript，(TypeScript = ES6 + 类型系统 + 类型注解), TypeScriipt的类型系统对于开发复杂的单页Web app大有帮助，同时编译成javascript后的执行效率也比大多数手写javascript要快。有兴趣的同学可以查阅官方文档：英文传送门 |中文传送门。
•得益于彻底重构，性能相对于Angular1.x有了大幅提升，也更适合再全平台部署。
•Angular2是基于Component的，Component可以理解为是1.x时代的Controller + $Scope + view
•View的很多语法也做了更新，比如<li ng-repeat="movie in vm.movies"></li> 变成了 <li *ngFor="let movie of movies"></li>
关于Angular2，强烈建议查阅官方文档：英文传送门| 中文传送门
注意：本文章属于Step by step + Code Sample教程，且篇幅较长，建议下载本Sample并跟着本文进度自己重做一遍本例，下载完整代码并分析代码结构才有意义，下载地址：How to authorization Angular 2 app with asp.net core web api
1.前期准备
•推荐使用VS2015 Update3或更新的版本完成本示例，下载地址：softjc/446184.html
•你需要安装.NET Core开发环境，这里提供VS版: softs/472362.html
•安装Node.js 版本5.0.0或以上，（在本例中，这个主要是编译TypeScript用的）下载地址：Node.js and NPM
•NPM 3.0.0或以上，默认NPM会随着Node.js一并安装完毕。（在本例中，这个主要是下载各种Angular的各个包用的，参考VS中的Nuget）
2.创建项目
在VS中新建项目，项目类型选择 ASP.NET Core Web Application(.Net Core)，输入项目名称为：CSAuthorAngular2InASPNetCore，Template选择为Empty.
3.在项目中整合Angular2
3.1.配置Startup.cs
注：添加下面的代码时IDE会报代码错误，这是因为还没有引用对用的包，进入报错的这一行，点击灯泡，加载对应的包就可以了。
（图文无关）
在ConfigureServices中添加如下代码
services.AddMvc();
这里是添加MVC服务
在Configure中添加如下代码
app.UseStaticFiles();app.UseMvc(routes =>{ routes.MapRoute( name: "default", template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}");});第一句是启用静态文件，第二句是应用MVC模式并添加路由配置。
完整的代码应该是这个样子
public class Startup{ // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. // For more information on how to configure your application, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddMvc(); } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory) { app.UseStaticFiles(); app.UseMvc(routes => { routes.MapRoute( name: "default", template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}"); }); }}3.2.添加控制器以及视图
3.2.1.在项目根目录下添加Controllers目录，并在其中添加一个控制器HomeController.cs，默认代码即可。
3.2.2.在项目跟目录下创建Views目录，在Views目录中新建目录Home, 最后在Home目录中新建视图Index.cshtml，内容应该是这样：
<html><head> <title>Angular QuickStart</title> <base href="/"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- 1. Load libraries --> <!-- Polyfill(s) for older browsers --> <script src="//article/node_modules/core-js/client/shim.min.js"></script> <script src="//article/node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js"></script> <script src="//article/node_modules/reflect-metadata/Reflect.js"></script> <script src="//article/node_modules/systemjs/dist/system.src.js"></script> <!-- 2. Configure SystemJS --> <script src="//article/systemjs.config.js"></script> <script> System.import('app').catch(function(err){ console.error(err); }); </script></head><!-- 3. Display the application --><body> <my-app>Loading...</my-app></body></html>现在运行项目的话你仅仅能看到一个Loading，再控制台中你还能看到错误，这是因为我们还没有配置Angular。让我们前往wwwroot目录。
3.3.在项目的wwwroot目录中添加如下结构:
3.3.1搭建Angular2基础环境
•package.json
{ "name": "angular-quickstart", "version": "1.0.0", "scripts": { "start": "tsc && concurrently \"tsc -w\" \"lite-server\" ", "lite": "lite-server", "postinstall": "typings install", "tsc": "tsc", "tsc:w": "tsc -w", "typings": "typings" }, "licenses": [ { "type": "MIT", "url": "https://github.com/angular/angular.io/blob/master/LICENSE" } ], "dependencies": { "@angular/common": "2.0.2", "@angular/compiler": "2.0.2", "@angular/core": "2.0.2", "@angular/forms": "2.0.2", "@angular/http": "2.0.2", "@angular/platform-browser": "2.0.2", "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "2.0.2", "@angular/router": "3.0.2", "@angular/upgrade": "2.0.2", "angular-in-memory-web-api": "0.1.5", "bootstrap": "3.3.7", "core-js": "2.4.1", "reflect-metadata": "0.1.8", "rxjs": "5.0.0-beta.12", "systemjs": "0.19.39", "zone.js": "0.6.25" }, "devDependencies": { "concurrently": "3.0.0", "gulp": "^3.9.1", "lite-server": "2.2.2", "typescript": "2.0.3", "typings": "1.4.0" }}•systemjs.config.js
(function (global) { System.config({ paths: { // paths serve as alias 'npm:': 'node_modules/' }, // map tells the System loader where to look for things map: { // our app is within the app folder app: 'app', // angular bundles '@angular/core': 'npm:@angular/core/bundles/core.umd.js', '@angular/common': 'npm:@angular/common/bundles/common.umd.js', '@angular/compiler': 'npm:@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js', '@angular/platform-browser': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser/bundles/platform-browser.umd.js', '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/bundles/platform-browser-dynamic.umd.js', '@angular/http': 'npm:@angular/http/bundles/http.umd.js', '@angular/router': 'npm:@angular/router/bundles/router.umd.js', '@angular/forms': 'npm:@angular/forms/bundles/forms.umd.js', '@angular/upgrade': 'npm:@angular/upgrade/bundles/upgrade.umd.js', // other libraries 'rxjs': 'npm:rxjs', 'angular-in-memory-web-api': 'npm:angular-in-memory-web-api/bundles/in-memory-web-api.umd.js' }, // packages tells the System loader how to load when no filename and/or no extension packages: { app: { main: './main.js', defaultExtension: 'js' }, rxjs: { defaultExtension: 'js' } } });})(this);•tsconfig.js
{ "compileOnSave": true, "compilerOptions": { "target": "es5", "module": "commonjs", "moduleResolution": "node", "sourceMap": true, "emitDecoratorMetadata": true, "experimentalDecorators": true, "removeComments": false, "noImplicitAny": false }, "exclude": [ "node_modules" ]}•typings.json(注，在最新文档中typings已被npm的@types替代，参见官方文档:文档变更日志)
{ "globalDependencies": { "core-js": "registry:dt/core-js#0.0.0+20160725163759", "jasmine": "registry:dt/jasmine#2.2.0+20160621224255", "node": "registry:dt/node#6.0.0+20160909174046" }}右击wwwroot中的Package.json,选择Restore Packages（或者在CMD下进入wwwroot目录，并执行命令 npm install）,npm会去下载需要的包,并存储于node_modules目录中。
3.3.2.配置启动文件以启用Angular2
在wwwroot下新建目录app,app拥有如下文件：
•app.component.ts
import { Component } from '@angular/core';@Component({ moduleId: module.id, selector: 'my-app', template: "this is in angular2",})export class AppComponent {}可以发现被@Component装饰属性装饰了AppComponent，selector指代你Component的占位符，比如本例中你可以再Home/index.cshtml中发现一段这样的标记
<my-app>Loading...</my-app>
template既为该Component的View，不要忘记moduleId，不添加它会出现很多奇怪的问题。
•app.module.ts
import { NgModule } from "@angular/core";import { BrowserModule } from "@angular/platform-browser";import { AppComponent } from "./app.component";@NgModule({ bootstrap: [AppComponent], imports: [ BrowserModule ], declarations: [ AppComponent ]})export class AppModule { }•main.ts
import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';import { AppModule } from './app.module';const platform = platformBrowserDynamic();platform.bootstrapModule(AppModule);基础整合完毕。
按F5 Debug一下，现在你能再浏览器中看到一句话：this is in angular 2
4.实现身份认证
废了半天劲，看着很傻，没有任何成就感。怎么办，让我们再深入一点，接下来我们来为Angular2完成一个Token base的身份验证，我会把Angular2的routing,data bind,service,http,等等你工作中最常用到的挨个演示一遍。
4.1.Server端
4.1.1.创建一些辅助类
4.1.1.1.在项目根目录下创建一个文件夹Auth,并添加RSAKeyHelper.cs以及TokenAuthOption.cs两个文件
•在RSAKeyHelper.cs中
using System.Security.Cryptography;namespace CSTokenBaseAuth.Auth{ public class RSAKeyHelper { public static RSAParameters GenerateKey() { using (var key = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(2048)) { return key.ExportParameters(true); } } }}•在TokenAuthOption.cs中
using System;using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;namespace CSTokenBaseAuth.Auth{ public class TokenAuthOption { public static string Audience { get; } = "ExampleAudience"; public static string Issuer { get; } = "ExampleIssuer"; public static RsaSecurityKey Key { get; } = new RsaSecurityKey(RSAKeyHelper.GenerateKey()); public static SigningCredentials SigningCredentials { get; } = new SigningCredentials(Key, SecurityAlgorithms.RsaSha256Signature); public static TimeSpan ExpiresSpan { get; } = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(20); }}4.1.1.2.在项目根目录下创建目录Model,并在其中添加RequestResult.cs，代码应该是这样。
public class RequestResult{ public RequestState State { get; set; } public string Msg { get; set; } public Object Data { get; set; }}public enum RequestState{ Failed = -1, NotAuth = 0, Success = 1}4.1.2更新Startup.cs
在ConfigureServices中添加如下代码：
services.AddAuthorization(auth =>{ auth.AddPolicy("Bearer", new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder() .AddAuthenticationSchemes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme) .RequireAuthenticatedUser().Build());});这里是添加身份认证服务
在Configure方法中添加如下代码：
app.UseExceptionHandler(appBuilder =>{ appBuilder.Use(async (context, next) => { var error = context.Features[typeof(IExceptionHandlerFeature)] as IExceptionHandlerFeature; //when authorization has failed, should retrun a json message to client if (error != null && error.Error is SecurityTokenExpiredException) { context.Response.StatusCode = 401; context.Response.ContentType = "application/json"; await context.Response.WriteAsync(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult { State = RequestState.NotAuth, Msg = "token expired" })); } //when orther error, retrun a error message json to client else if (error != null && error.Error != null) { context.Response.StatusCode = 500; context.Response.ContentType = "application/json"; await context.Response.WriteAsync(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult { State = RequestState.Failed, Msg = error.Error.Message })); } //when no error, do next. else await next(); });});本段是Handle当身份认证失败时抛出的异常，并返回合适的json
在相同的方法中添加另外一段代码：
app.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(new JwtBearerOptions(){ TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters() { IssuerSigningKey = TokenAuthOption.Key, ValidAudience = TokenAuthOption.Audience, ValidIssuer = TokenAuthOption.Issuer, // When receiving a token, check that we've signed it. ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true, // When receiving a token, check that it is still valid. ValidateLifetime = true, // This defines the maximum allowable clock skew - i.e. provides a tolerance on the token expiry time // when validating the lifetime. As we're creating the tokens locally and validating them on the same // machines which should have synchronised time, this can be set to zero. Where external tokens are // used, some leeway here could be useful. ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(0) }});本段代码是应用JWTBearerAuthentication身份认证。
4.1.3.TokenAuthController.cs
在Controllers中新建一个Web API Controller Class，命名为TokenAuthController.cs。我们将在这里完成登录授权，
在同文件下添加两个类，分别用来模拟用户模型，以及用户存储，代码应该是这样:
public class User{ public Guid ID { get; set; } public string Username { get; set; } public string Password { get; set; }}public static class UserStorage{ public static List<User> Users { get; set; } = new List<User> { new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user1",Password = "user1psd" }, new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user2",Password = "user2psd" }, new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user3",Password = "user3psd" } };}接下来在TokenAuthController.cs中添加如下方法
private string GenerateToken(User user, DateTime expires){ var handler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler(); ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity( new GenericIdentity(user.Username, "TokenAuth"), new[] { new Claim("ID", user.ID.ToString()) } ); var securityToken = handler.CreateToken(new SecurityTokenDescriptor { Issuer = TokenAuthOption.Issuer, Audience = TokenAuthOption.Audience, SigningCredentials = TokenAuthOption.SigningCredentials, Subject = identity, Expires = expires }); return handler.WriteToken(securityToken);}该方法仅仅只是生成一个Auth Token,接下来我们来添加另外一个方法来调用它
在相同文件中添加如下代码
[HttpPost]public string GetAuthToken(User user){ var existUser = UserStorage.Users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.Username == user.Username && u.Password == user.Password); if (existUser != null) { var requestAt = DateTime.Now; var expiresIn = requestAt + TokenAuthOption.ExpiresSpan; var token = GenerateToken(existUser, expiresIn); return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new { stateCode = 1, requertAt = requestAt, expiresIn = TokenAuthOption.ExpiresSpan.TotalSeconds, accessToken = token }); } else { return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new { stateCode = -1, errors = "Username or password is invalid" }); }}接下来我们来完成授权部分，在相同的文件中添加如下代码：
public string GetUserInfo(){ var claimsIdentity = User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity; return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult { State = RequestState.Success, Data = new { UserName = claimsIdentity.Name } });}为方法添加装饰属性
[HttpGet]
[Authorize("Bearer")]
第二行代码说明这个action需要身份验证。
该文件完整的代码应该是这个样子：
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;using CSAuthorAngular2InASPNetCore.Auth;using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;using Newtonsoft.Json;using System.Security.Claims;using System.Security.Principal;using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;using CSAuthorAngular2InASPNetCore.Model;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;namespace CSAuthorAngular2InASPNetCore.Controllers{ [Route("api/[controller]")] public class TokenAuthController : Controller { [HttpPost] public string GetAuthToken([FromBody]User user) { var existUser = UserStorage.Users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.Username == user.Username && u.Password == user.Password); if (existUser != null) { var requestAt = DateTime.Now; var expiresIn = requestAt + TokenAuthOption.ExpiresSpan; var token = GenerateToken(existUser, expiresIn); return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult { State = RequestState.Success, Data = new { requertAt = requestAt, expiresIn = TokenAuthOption.ExpiresSpan.TotalSeconds, tokeyType = TokenAuthOption.TokenType, accessToken = token } }); } else { return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult { State = RequestState.Failed, Msg = "Username or password is invalid" }); } } private string GenerateToken(User user, DateTime expires) { var handler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler(); ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity( new GenericIdentity(user.Username, "TokenAuth"), new[] { new Claim("ID", user.ID.ToString()) } ); var securityToken = handler.CreateToken(new SecurityTokenDescriptor { Issuer = TokenAuthOption.Issuer, Audience = TokenAuthOption.Audience, SigningCredentials = TokenAuthOption.SigningCredentials, Subject = identity, Expires = expires }); return handler.WriteToken(securityToken); } [HttpGet] [Authorize("Bearer")] public string GetUserInfo() { var claimsIdentity = User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity; return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult { State = RequestState.Success, Data = new { UserName = claimsIdentity.Name } }); } } public class User { public Guid ID { get; set; } public string Username { get; set; } public string Password { get; set; } } public static class UserStorage { public static List<User> Users { get; set; } = new List<User> { new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user1",Password = "user1psd" }, new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user2",Password = "user2psd" }, new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user3",Password = "user3psd" } }; }}4.2Angular2端
4.2.1创建View Model
在wwwroot/app下创建一个目录：_model， 并添加一个Typescript文件RequestResult.ts，内容应该是这样。
export class RequestResult { State: number; Msg: string; Data: Object;}4.2.2创建Service
在wwwroot/app下创建一个目录：_services，并添加一个Typescript文件auth.service.ts，内容应该是这样。
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";import { Headers, Http } from "@angular/http";import "rxjs/add/operator/toPromise";import { RequestResult } from "../_model/RequestResult";@Injectable()export class AuthService { private tokeyKey = "token"; private token: string; constructor( private http: Http ) { } login(userName: string, password: string): Promise<RequestResult> { return this.http.post("/api/TokenAuth", { Username: userName, Password: password }).toPromise() .then(response => { let result = response.json() as RequestResult; if (result.State == 1) { let json = result.Data as any; sessionStorage.setItem("token", json.accessToken); } return result; }) .catch(this.handleError); } checkLogin(): boolean { var token = sessionStorage.getItem(this.tokeyKey); return token != null; } getUserInfo(): Promise<RequestResult> { return this.authGet("/api/TokenAuth"); } authPost(url: string, body: any): Promise<RequestResult> { let headers = this.initAuthHeaders(); return this.http.post(url, body, { headers: headers }).toPromise() .then(response => response.json() as RequestResult) .catch(this.handleError); } authGet(url): Promise<RequestResult> { let headers = this.initAuthHeaders(); return this.http.get(url, { headers: headers }).toPromise() .then(response => response.json() as RequestResult) .catch(this.handleError); } private getLocalToken(): string { if (!this.token) { this.token = sessionStorage.getItem(this.tokeyKey); } return this.token; } private initAuthHeaders(): Headers { let token = this.getLocalToken(); if (token == null) throw "No token"; var headers = new Headers(); headers.append("Authorization", "Bearer " + token); return headers; } private handleError(error: any): Promise<any> { console.error('An error occurred', error); return Promise.reject(error.message || error); }}本文件主要用来完成登录以及登录验证工作，之后该service将可以被注入到Component中以便被Component调用。
注：主要的逻辑都应该写到service中
4.2.3.创建Component
4.2.3.1.在wwwroot/app下创建一个目录home,该目录用来存放HomeComponent,home应拥有如下文件：
•home.component.ts
import { Component, OnInit } from "@angular/core";import { AuthService } from "../_services/auth.service";@Component({ moduleId: module.id, selector: "my-home", templateUrl: "view.html", styleUrls: ["style.css"]})export class HomeComponent implements OnInit { isLogin = false; userName: string; constructor( private authService: AuthService ) { } ngOnInit(): void { this.isLogin = this.authService.checkLogin(); if (this.isLogin) { this.authService.getUserInfo().then(res => { this.userName = (res.Data as any).UserName; }); } }}查阅代码，在@Component中指定了View以及style。
AuthService被在构造方法中被注入了本Component，ngOnInit是接口OnInit的一个方法，他在Component初始化时会被调用。
•style.css
/*styles of this view*/
本例中没有添加任何样式，如有需要可以写在这里。
•view.html
<div *ngIf="isLogin"> <h1>Hi <span>{{userName}}</span></h1></div><div *ngIf="!isLogin"> <h1>please login</h1> <a routerLink="/login">Login</a></div>*ngIf=""是Angular2 的其中一种标记语法，作用是当返回真时渲染该节点，完整教程请参阅官方文档。
4.2.3.2.在wwwroot/app下创建目录Login,该目录用来存放LoginComponent,文件结构类似于上一节。
•login.component.ts
import { Component } from "@angular/core";import { Router } from '@angular/router';import { AuthService } from "../_services/auth.service";@Component({ moduleId: module.id, selector: "my-login", templateUrl: "view.html", styleUrls: ["style.css"]})export class LoginComponent { private userName: string; private password: string; constructor( private authService: AuthService, private router: Router ) { } login() { this.authService.login(this.userName, this.password) .then(result => { if (result.State == 1) { this.router.navigate(["./home"]); } else { alert(result.Msg); } }); }}•style.css
/*styles of this view*/
•view.html
<table> <tr> <td>userName:</td> <td><input [(ngModel)]="userName" placeholder="useName:try type user1" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>userName:</td> <td><input [(ngModel)]="password" placeholder="password:try type user1psd" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><input type="button" (click)="login()" value="Login" /></td> </tr></table>
4.2.4.应用路由
路由是切换多页面用的。
在wwwroot/app下新建一个Typescript文件，命名为app-routing.module.ts，内容应该是这个样子。
import { NgModule } from "@angular/core";import { RouterModule, Routes } from "@angular/router";import { HomeComponent } from "./home/home.component";import { LoginComponent } from "./login/login.component"const routes: Routes = [ { path: "", redirectTo: "/home", pathMatch: "full" }, { path: "home", component: HomeComponent }, { path: "login", component: LoginComponent }];@NgModule({ imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes)], exports: [RouterModule]})export class AppRoutingModule { }接下来我们来应用这个路由，
打开app.module.ts，更新代码如下：
import { NgModule } from "@angular/core";import { BrowserModule } from "@angular/platform-browser";import { HttpModule } from "@angular/http";import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";import { AppRoutingModule } from "./app-routing.module";import { AuthService } from "./_services/auth.service";import { AppComponent } from "./app.component";import { HomeComponent } from "./home/home.component";import { LoginComponent } from "./login/login.component";@NgModule({ bootstrap: [AppComponent], imports: [ BrowserModule, HttpModule, AppRoutingModule, FormsModule ], declarations: [ AppComponent, HomeComponent, LoginComponent ], providers: [AuthService]})export class AppModule { }NgModule和BrowserModule你可以理解为基础模块，必加的。
HttpModule是做http请求用的。
FormsModule是做双向数据绑定用的，比如下面这样的，如果想把数据从view更新到component，就必须加这个。
<input [(ngModel)]="userName" placeholder="useName:try type user1" />
AppRoutingModule即为我们刚才添加的路由文件。
AuthService是我们最早添加的service文件。
AppComponent是我们最初添加的那个app.component.ts里的那个component.
HomeComponent,LoginComponent同上。
最后我们再app.component.ts中添加路由锚点，
把template的值为 "<router-outlet></router-outlet>"
完整的代码应该是这样：
import { Component } from '@angular/core';@Component({ moduleId: module.id, selector: 'my-app', template: "<router-outlet></router-outlet>",})export class AppComponent {}router-outlet是路由锚点的关键词。
至此，所有代码完成，F5调试吧。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。
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