Mysql数据库之索引优化

数据库  /  管理员 发布于 8年前   146

MySQL凭借着出色的性能、低廉的成本、丰富的资源，已经成为绝大多数互联网公司的首选关系型数据库。虽然性能出色，但所谓“好马配好鞍”，如何能够更好的使用它，已经成为开发工程师的必修课，我们经常会从职位描述上看到诸如“精通MySQL”、“SQL语句优化”、“了解数据库原理”等要求。我们知道一般的应用系统，读写比例在10:1左右，而且插入操作和一般的更新操作很少出现性能问题，遇到最多的，也是最容易出问题的，还是一些复杂的查询操作，所以查询语句的优化显然是重中之重。

问题：cpu负载过高，达到36。

现象：通过mysqladmin -uroot -p processlist 查看到大量如下信息：

Sending data select * from `rep_corp_vehicle_online_count` where corp_id = 48 and vehicle_id = 10017543

根据以上的可能是表rep_corp_vehicle_online_count的问题 做出如下测试：

查看表结构：

mysql> desc rep_corp_vehicle_online_count;+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment || corp_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | || vehicle_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | || online_day | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | || loc_total | int(11) | NO | | NULL | || create_time | datetime | NO | | NULL | || update_time | datetime | NO | | NULL | |+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

查看索引，只有主键索引：

mysql> show index from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count;+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+| rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 1247259 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) 

代码执行情况：

mysql>explain select * from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count where corp_id = 79 and vehicle_id = 10016911 and online_day = '2016-03-29'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************id: 1select_type: SIMPLEtable: rep_corp_vehicle_online_counttype: ALLpossible_keys: NULLkey: NULLkey_len: NULLref: NULLrows: 1248495Extra: Using where1 row in set (0.00 sec) 

表数据分析情况，重复数据很多：

mysql> select count(distinct corp_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count;+-------------------------+| count(distinct corp_id) |+-------------------------+| 18 |+-------------------------+1 row in set (0.63 sec)mysql> select count(corp_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; +----------------+| count(corp_id) |+----------------+| 1239573 |+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select count(distinct vehicle_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; +----------------------------+| count(distinct vehicle_id) |+----------------------------+| 2580 |+----------------------------+1 row in set (1.03 sec)mysql>explain select count(vehicle_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; +-------------------+| count(vehicle_id) |+-------------------+| 1239911 |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) 

最后处理，创建索引：

mysql> create index r_c_v on rep_corp_vehicle_online_count(corp_id,vehicle_id); Query OK, 1487993 rows affected (6.09 sec)Records: 1487993 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> show index from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count;+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+| rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 1490176 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | || rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 1 | r_c_v | 1 | corp_id | A | 18 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | || rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 1 | r_c_v | 2 | vehicle_id | A | 2596 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

添加索引过后负载降低到了1.73：

以上内容是小编给大家介绍的Mysql数据库之索引优化 ，希望对大家学习有所帮助！