MySQL数据库中删除重复记录的方法总结[推荐]

数据库  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   149

表结构：
mysql> desc demo;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| site | varchar(100) | NO | MUL | | |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

数据：
mysql> select * from demo order by id;
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |
| 2 | http://YITU.org |
| 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |
| 4 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |
| 5 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |
+----+------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当没有创建表或创建索引权限的时候，可以用下面的方法：

如果你要删除较旧的重复记录，可以使用下面的语句：
mysql> delete from a
-> using demo as a, demo as b
-> where (a.id > b.id)
-> and (a.site = b.site);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> select * from demo order by id;
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |
| 2 | http://YITU.org |
| 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |
+----+------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果你要删除较新的重复记录，可以使用下面的语句：
mysql> delete from a
-> using demo as a, demo as b
-> where (a.id < b.id)
-> and (a.site = b.site);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> select * from demo order by id;
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 2 | http://YITU.org |
| 4 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |
| 5 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |
+----+------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

你可以用下面的语句先确认将被删除的重复记录：
mysql> SELECT a.*
-> FROM demo a, demo b
-> WHERE a.id > b.id
-> AND (a.site = b.site);
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |
| 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |
+----+------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果有创建索引的权限，可以用下面的方法：

在表上创建唯一键索引：

 mysql> alter ignore table demo add unique index ukey (site); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.46 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 2 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from demo order by id; +----+------------------------+ | id | site | +----+------------------------+ | 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn | | 2 | http://YITU.org | | 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org | +----+------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

重复记录被删除后，如果需要，可以删除索引：

 mysql> alter table demo drop index ukey; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.37 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 

如果有创建表的权限，可以用下面的方法：

创建一个新表，然后将原表中不重复的数据插入新表：

 mysql> create table demo_new as select * from demo group by site; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.19 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | demo | | demo_new | +----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from demo order by id; +----+------------------------+ | id | site | +----+------------------------+ | 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn | | 2 | http://YITU.org | | 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org | | 4 | http://www.CodeBit.cn | | 5 | http://www.ShuoWen.org | +----+------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from demo_new order by id; +----+------------------------+ | id | site | +----+------------------------+ | 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn | | 2 | http://YITU.org | | 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org | +----+------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

然后将原表备份，将新表重命名为当前表：

 mysql> rename table demo to demo_old, demo_new to demo; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | demo | | demo_old | +----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from demo order by id; +----+------------------------+ | id | site | +----+------------------------+ | 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn | | 2 | http://YITU.org | | 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org | +----+------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

注意：使用这种方式创建的表会丢失原表的索引信息！

 mysql> desc demo; +-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | site | varchar(100) | NO | | | | +-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

如果要保持和原表信息一致，你可以使用 show create table demo; 来查看原表的创建语句，然后使用原表的创建语句创建新表，接着使用 insert … select 语句插入数据，再重命名表即可。

当然，如果要避免重复记录，最好的办法还是不要插入重复数据，可以参考本站另外一篇文章：MySQL 当记录不存在时插入