python 使用pygame工具包实现贪吃蛇游戏(多彩版)

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   156

今天我们用python和python的工具包pygame来编写一个贪吃蛇的小游戏

贪吃蛇游戏功能介绍

贪吃蛇的游戏规则如下：

通过上下左右键或者WASD键来移动蛇来，让它吃到食物，每吃到食物，蛇的长度变长，并获得分数。若蛇碰到游戏边际

或者自身，则蛇死亡，游戏结束。

游戏设计思路

根据游戏规则，我们需要：

1.初始化游戏环境。

2.初始化蛇、食物

3.监听键盘动作

4.蛇的运动，吃食物，是否死亡

5.该局游戏结束，是否还有再玩。

其中的难点在于如何在屏幕上展示蛇的运动，其实我们肉眼所见的蛇的运动并不是真实的，而是在后台通过刷新蛇的坐标而实现的。即可以创建一个蛇的坐标列表，每移动一次，则新的坐标加入，同时删除末尾坐标，看起来像是蛇的在移动。

一个简单地设计框图如下：

代码实现

'''my_snake.py@author HelloWorld!@time:2019.10.27'''import randomimport pygameimport sysfrom pygame.locals import *windows_width=800 #游戏窗口的大小，原点在左上角windows_height=600cell_size=20  #snake 的大小，需被窗口长宽整除#一些颜色定义white = (255, 255, 255)black = (0, 0, 0)gray = (230, 230, 230)dark_gray = (40, 40, 40)DARKGreen = (0, 155, 0)Green = (0, 255, 0)Red = (255, 0, 0)blue = (0, 0, 255)dark_blue =(0,0, 139)BG_COLOR = (184,224,217)#贪吃蛇的地图尺寸map_width = int(windows_width / cell_size)map_height = int(windows_height / cell_size)#蛇的移动速度snake_speed=5#方向定义UP = 1DOWN = 2LEFT = 3RIGHT = 4#主函数def main_game():  pygame.init() #初始化gygame  screen=pygame.display.set_mode((windows_width,windows_height))  pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇游戏")  snake_speed_clock = pygame.time.Clock() # 创建Pygame时钟对象  screen.fill(white)  while True:    run_game(screen,snake_speed_clock) #游戏主体    gameover(screen)        #游戏结束def run_game(screen,snake_speed_clock):  #初始化蛇的位置，方向，食物的位置  start_x=random.randint(3,map_width-8)  start_y=random.randint(3,map_width-8)  snake_coords=[{'x':start_x,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-1,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-2,'y':start_y}]#初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表  direction = RIGHT  food=get_random_location()  #循环  while True:    for event in pygame.event.get(): #键盘事件监听      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:        pygame.quit()        sys.exit()      elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #按键事件        if (event.key==K_LEFT or event.key==K_a) and direction!=RIGHT:          direction=LEFT        elif (event.key==K_RIGHT or event.key==K_d) and direction!=LEFT:          direction=RIGHT        elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and direction != DOWN:          direction = UP        elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and direction != UP:          direction = DOWN        elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:          pygame.quit()          sys.exit()    snake_move(direction,snake_coords) #根据方向，移动蛇    alive=snake_is_alive(snake_coords)  #判断蛇的死活    if not alive:#如果挂了，则终止循环，跳出run_game函数，执行gameover      break    snake_eat_foods(snake_coords,food)  #没挂，则看看迟到食物了吗    screen.fill(BG_COLOR)        #游戏背景刷新    #下面draw，是把蛇食物等画出来    draw_snake(screen, snake_coords)    draw_food(screen,food)    draw_score(screen, len(snake_coords) - 3)    # draw_grid(screen)    pygame.display.flip()    #控制执行次数    snake_speed_clock.tick(snake_speed) # 控制fps#根据移动方向，更新蛇头坐标def snake_move(directtion,snake_coords):  if directtion==UP:    newHead={'x':snake_coords[0]['x'],'y':snake_coords[0]['y']-1}  elif directtion==DOWN:    newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x'], 'y': snake_coords[0]['y'] + 1}  elif directtion==LEFT:    newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x']-1, 'y': snake_coords[0]['y'] }  elif directtion == RIGHT:    newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x']+1, 'y': snake_coords[0]['y']}  snake_coords.insert(0,newHead)def snake_is_alive(snake_coords): #碰壁或者碰到自身就是死了  alive=True  if snake_coords[0]['x'] == -1 or snake_coords[0]['x'] == map_width or snake_coords[0]['y'] == -1 or \  snake_coords[0]['y'] == map_height:    alive=False  for snake_body in snake_coords[1:]:    if snake_coords[0]['x']==snake_body['x'] and snake_coords[0]['y']==snake_body['y']:      alive=False  return alive#坐标重合，表示吃到食物了，否则就没有，则移动，把def snake_eat_foods(snake_coords,food):  if snake_coords[0]['x']==food['x'] and snake_coords[0]['y']==food['y']:    food['x']=random.randint(0, map_width-1)    food['y']=random.randint(0, map_height-1)  else:    del snake_coords[-1]def get_random_location(): #食物的坐标随机生成  return {'x':random.randint(0,map_width-1),'y':random.randint(0,map_height-1)}def draw_snake(screen, snake_coords):  for coord in snake_coords:    x=coord['x']*cell_size    y=coord['y']*cell_size    segmentRect=pygame.Rect(x,y,cell_size,cell_size)    pygame.draw.rect(screen,dark_blue,segmentRect)def draw_food(screen,food):  x=food['x']*cell_size  y=food['y']*cell_size  foodRect=pygame.Rect(x,y,cell_size,cell_size)  pygame.draw.rect(screen,Red,foodRect)def draw_grid(screen):  for x in range(0,windows_width,cell_size):    pygame.draw.line(screen,gray,(x,0),(x,windows_height))  for y in range(0,windows_height,cell_size):    pygame.draw.line(screen,gray,(0,y),(windows_width,y))def draw_score(screen, score):  font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40)  score_str = "{:,}".format(score)  score_image=font.render('Score: '+score_str,True,Green,gray)  score_rect=score_image.get_rect()  score_rect.topleft=(windows_width-200,10)  screen.blit(score_image, score_rect)def gameover(screen):  font=pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40)  tips=font.render('Press Q or ESC to quit; Press anykey to continue',True, (65, 105, 225))  screen.blit(tips,(80, 300))  pygame.display.update()  while True:    for event in pygame.event.get():      if event.type==QUIT:        pygame.quit()        sys.exit()      elif event.type == KEYDOWN:        if event.key == K_ESCAPE or event.key == K_q: # 终止程序          pygame.quit()          sys.exit() # 终止程序        else:          return # 结束此函数, 重新开始游戏if __name__=='__main__':  main_game()

功能抽象及多彩化设计

上面的实现中，我们采用的面向过程的实现方法，没有抽象，如果要设计更大的游戏则是不行的。我们可以采用抽象的方法，让实现更加条理化，同时逻辑更清晰。

同时，如果让食物的颜色不同，同时蛇吃到什么颜色的食物，那么它身体的一部分就变成相应的颜色，那么最终蛇会变成一条多彩蛇，想必很有意思。

下面我们结合上述两点来实现新的功能。代码如下：

'''@colorful_snake.py@author HelloWorld!@time:2019.10.27@ class is used to design a snake game'''import randomimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import *import sysclass Settings():  def __init__(self):    self.windows_width=800 #游戏窗口的大小，原点在左上角    self.windows_height=600    self.BG_COLOR = (184,224,217)    self.cell_size=20  #snake 的大小，需被窗口长宽整除    self.map_width = int(self.windows_width / self.cell_size)    self.map_height = int(self.windows_height / self.cell_size)    self.Green = (0, 255, 0)    self.Red = (255, 0, 0)    self.Blue = (0, 0, 255)    self.orange=(255,128,0)    self.purple=(128, 0, 255)    self.black = (0, 0, 0)    self.white = (255, 255, 255)    self.dark_blue = (0, 0, 139)    self.gray = (230, 230, 230)    #方向    self.UP = 1    self.DOWN = 2    self.LEFT = 3    self.RIGHT = 4class Snake():  def __init__(self,settings):    self.cell_size=settings.cell_size    self.snake_coords=[]    self.direction=settings.RIGHT    self.snake_speed=5    self.initialize_snake(settings)  def initialize_snake(self,settings):    # [{'x':start_x,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-1,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-2,'y':start_y}]#初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表    start_x = random.randint(3, settings.map_width - 8)    start_y = random.randint(3, settings.map_width - 8)    snake_coords = [{'x': start_x, 'y': start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue}, {'x': start_x - 1, 'y': start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue},{'x': start_x - 2, 'y': start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue}] # 初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表    self.snake_coords=snake_coords  def snake_move(self,settings):    if self.direction == settings.UP:      newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'], 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'] - 1,'color':settings.dark_blue}    elif self.direction == settings.DOWN:      newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'], 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'] + 1,'color':settings.dark_blue}    elif self.direction == settings.LEFT:      newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'] - 1, 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'],'color':settings.dark_blue}    elif self.direction == settings.RIGHT:      newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'] + 1, 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'],'color':settings.dark_blue}    self.snake_coords.insert(0, newHead)  def snake_is_alive(self,settings):# 碰壁或者碰到自身就是死了    alive = True    if self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == -1 or self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == settings.map_width or self.snake_coords[0]['y'] == -1 or \        self.snake_coords[0]['y'] ==settings.map_height:      alive = False    for snake_body in self.snake_coords[1:]:      if self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == snake_body['x'] and self.snake_coords[0]['y'] == snake_body['y']:        alive = False    return aliveclass Food():  def __init__(self,settings):    self.cell_size=settings.cell_size    self.color=self.initialize_food(settings)    self.x= random.randint(0, settings.map_width - 1)    self.y= random.randint(0, settings.map_height - 1)  def initialize_food(self,settings):    colors=[settings.Green,settings.Red,settings.Blue,settings.orange,settings.purple,settings.black]    color=random.choice(colors)    return colorclass GameFunction():  def __init__(self,screen):    self.screen=screen  def check_event(self,snake,settings):    for event in pygame.event.get(): #键盘事件监听      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:        pygame.quit()        sys.exit()      elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #按键事件        if (event.key==K_LEFT or event.key==K_a) and snake.direction!=settings.RIGHT:          snake.direction=settings.LEFT        elif (event.key==K_RIGHT or event.key==K_d) and snake.direction!=settings.LEFT:          snake.direction=settings.RIGHT        elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and snake.direction != settings.DOWN:          snake.direction = settings.UP        elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and snake.direction != settings.UP:          snake.direction = settings.DOWN        elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:          pygame.quit()          sys.exit()  def snake_eat_foods(self,snake,food,settings):    if snake.snake_coords[0]['x'] == food.x and snake.snake_coords[0]['y'] == food.y:      snake.snake_coords[0]['color'] = food.color      food.x = random.randint(0, settings.map_width - 1)      food.y = random.randint(0, settings.map_height - 1)      food.color=food.initialize_food(settings)    else:      for i in range(len(snake.snake_coords)-1):        snake.snake_coords[i]['color']=snake.snake_coords[i+1]['color']      del snake.snake_coords[-1]  def update(self,snake,food,settings,screen,snake_speed_clock):    screen.fill(settings.BG_COLOR) # 游戏背景刷新    # 下面draw，是把蛇食物等画出来    self.draw_snake(screen, snake)    self.draw_food(screen, food)    self.draw_score(screen,snake,settings)    self.draw_grid(screen,settings)    pygame.display.flip()    # 控制执行次数    snake_speed_clock.tick(snake.snake_speed) # 控制fps  def draw_snake(self,screen,snake):    for coord in snake.snake_coords:      x = coord['x'] * snake.cell_size      y = coord['y'] * snake.cell_size      segmentRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, snake.cell_size, snake.cell_size)      pygame.draw.rect(screen, coord['color'], segmentRect)  def draw_food(self,screen, food):    x = food.x* food.cell_size    y = food.y * food.cell_size    foodRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, food.cell_size, food.cell_size)    pygame.draw.rect(screen, food.color, foodRect)  def draw_grid(self,screen,settings):    for x in range(0, settings.windows_width, settings.cell_size):      pygame.draw.line(screen, settings.gray, (x, 0), (x, settings.windows_height))    for y in range(0, settings.windows_height,settings.cell_size):      pygame.draw.line(screen, settings.gray, (0, y), (settings.windows_width, y))  def draw_score(self,screen, snake,settings):    score=len(snake.snake_coords)-3    font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40)    score_str = "{:,}".format(score)    score_image = font.render('Score: ' + score_str, True, settings.Green, settings.gray)    score_rect = score_image.get_rect()    score_rect.topleft = (settings.windows_width - 200, 10)    screen.blit(score_image, score_rect)  def gameover(self,screen):    font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40)    tips = font.render('Press Q or ESC to quit; Press anykey to continue', True, (65, 105, 225))    screen.blit(tips, (80, 300))    pygame.display.update()    while True:      for event in pygame.event.get():        if event.type == QUIT:          pygame.quit()          sys.exit()        elif event.type == KEYDOWN:          if event.key == K_ESCAPE or event.key == K_q: # 终止程序pygame.quit()sys.exit() # 终止程序          else:return # 结束此函数, 重新开始游戏#主函数def main_game():  pygame.init() #初始化gygame  settings=Settings()  screen=pygame.display.set_mode((settings.windows_width,settings.windows_height))  pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇游戏")  snake_speed_clock = pygame.time.Clock() # 创建Pygame时钟对象  screen.fill(settings.white)  gf=GameFunction(screen)  while True:    snake = Snake(settings)    food = Food(settings)    while True:      gf.check_event(snake,settings)      snake.snake_move(settings)      alive = snake.snake_is_alive(settings) # 判断蛇的死活      if not alive: # 如果挂了，则终止循环，跳出run_game函数，执行gameover        break      gf.snake_eat_foods(snake,food,settings)      gf.update(snake,food,settings,screen,snake_speed_clock)    gf.gameover(screen)        #游戏结束if __name__=='__main__':  main_game()

程序效果如下：

总结

1、通过上述的代码，功能基本实现

2、多彩版的蛇的色彩太鲜艳，看起来太难受了

3、多彩版的在运行中存在不稳定情况，具体原因还没查看，请大家帮忙指出代码中的问题。

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