python scrapy爬虫代码及填坑

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   295

涉及到详情页爬取

目录结构:

kaoshi_bqg.py

import scrapyfrom scrapy.spiders import Rulefrom scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractorfrom ..items import BookBQGItemclass KaoshiBqgSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'kaoshi_bqg' allowed_domains = ['biquge5200.cc'] start_urls = ['https://www.biquge5200.cc/xuanhuanxiaoshuo/'] rules = (  # 编写匹配文章列表的规则  Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'https://www.biquge5200.cc/xuanhuanxiaoshuo/'), follow=True),  # 匹配文章详情  Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'.+/[0-9]{1-3}_[0-9]{2-6}/'), callback='parse_item', follow=False), ) # 小书书名 def parse(self, response):  a_list = response.xpath('//*[@id="newscontent"]/div[1]/ul//li//span[1]/a')  for li in a_list:   name = li.xpath(".//text()").get()   detail_url = li.xpath(".//@href").get()   yield scrapy.Request(url=detail_url, callback=self.parse_book, meta={'info': name}) # 单本书所有的章节名 def parse_book(self, response):  name = response.meta.get('info')  list_a = response.xpath('//*[@id="list"]/dl/dd[position()>20]//a')  for li in list_a:   chapter = li.xpath(".//text()").get()   url = li.xpath(".//@href").get()   yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse_content, meta={'info': (name, chapter)}) # 每章节内容 def parse_content(self, response):  name, chapter = response.meta.get('info')  content = response.xpath('//*[@id="content"]//p/text()').getall()  item = BookBQGItem(name=name, chapter=chapter, content=content)  yield item

xmly.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import scrapyfrom ..items import BookXMLYItem, BookChapterItemclass XmlySpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'xmly' allowed_domains = ['ximalaya.com'] start_urls = ['https://www.ximalaya.com/youshengshu/wenxue/'] def parse(self, response):  div_details = response.xpath('//*[@id="root"]/main/section/div/div/div[3]/div[1]/div/div[2]/ul/li/div')  # details = div_details[::3]  for details in div_details:   book_id = details.xpath('./div/a/@href').get().split('/')[-2]   book_name = details.xpath('./a[1]/@title').get()   book_author = details.xpath('./a[2]/text()').get() # 作者   book_url = details.xpath('./div/a/@href').get()   url = 'https://www.ximalaya.com' + book_url   # print(book_id, book_name, book_author, url)   item = BookXMLYItem(book_id=book_id, book_name=book_name, book_author=book_author, book_url=url)   yield item   yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse_details, meta={'info': book_id}) def parse_details(self, response):  book_id = response.meta.get('info')  div_details = response.xpath('//*[@id="anchor_sound_list"]/div[2]/ul/li/div[2]')  for details in div_details:   chapter_id = details.xpath('./a/@href').get().split('/')[-1]   chapter_name = details.xpath('./a/text()').get()   chapter_url = details.xpath('./a/@href').get()   url = 'https://www.ximalaya.com' + chapter_url   item = BookChapterItem(book_id=book_id, chapter_id=chapter_id, chapter_name=chapter_name, chapter_url=url)   yield item

item.py

import scrapy# 笔趣阁字段class BookBQGItem(scrapy.Item): name = scrapy.Field() chapter = scrapy.Field() content = scrapy.Field()# 喜马拉雅 字段class BookXMLYItem(scrapy.Item): book_name = scrapy.Field() book_id = scrapy.Field() book_url = scrapy.Field() book_author = scrapy.Field()# 喜马拉雅详情字段class BookChapterItem(scrapy.Item): book_id = scrapy.Field() chapter_id = scrapy.Field() chapter_name = scrapy.Field() chapter_url = scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py

from scrapy.exporters import JsonLinesItemExporterimport osclass BqgPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider):  xs = '小说集'  name = item['name']  xs_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)), xs)  fiction_path = os.path.join(xs_path, name)  # print(os.path.dirname(__file__)) D:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/wh1901/biquge.com  # print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))) D:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/wh1901  if not os.path.exists(xs_path): # 如果目录不存在   os.mkdir(xs_path)  if not os.path.exists(fiction_path):   os.mkdir(fiction_path) # 创建目录  chapter = item['chapter']  content = item['content']  file_path = os.path.join(fiction_path, chapter) + '.txt' # 在 该目录下面创建 xx .txt 文件  with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:   fp.write(content + '\n')   print('保存成功')# class XmlyPipeline(object):#  def __init__(self):#   self.fp = open("xmly.json", 'wb')#   # JsonLinesItemExporter 调度器#   self.exporter = JsonLinesItemExporter(self.fp, ensure_ascii=False)##  def process_item(self, item, spider):#   self.exporter.export_item(item)#   return item##  def close_item(self):#   self.fp.close()#   print("爬虫结束")

starts.py

from scrapy import cmdlinecmdline.execute("scrapy crawl kaoshi_bqg".split())# cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl xmly".split())

然后是爬取到的数据

小说

xmly.json

记录一下爬取过程中遇到的一点点问题:

在爬取详情页的的时候, 刚开始不知道怎么获取详情页的 url 以及 上一个页面拿到的字段

• 也就是 yield 返回 请求详情页 里面的参数没有很好地理解
• meta：从其他请求传过来的meta属性，可以用来保持多个请求之间的数据连接。
• url：这个request对象发送请求的url。
• callback：在下载器下载完相应的数据后执行的回调函数。

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