python实现桌面气泡提示功能

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   347

在写桌面软件时，通常会使用到托盘上的泡泡提示功能，让我们来看看使用python如何实现这个小功能。

一、Linux系统

在Linux上，实现一个气泡提示非常简单，使用GTK实现的pynotify模块提供了些功能，我的环境是Ubuntu，默认安装此模块，如果没有，下载源文件编译安装一个。实现代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python#coding:utf-8 import pynotify pynotify.init ("Bubble@Linux")bubble_notify = pynotify.Notification ("Linux上的泡泡提示", "看，比Windows上实现方便多了！")bubble_notify.show ()

效果：

二、Windows下的实现

Windows下实现是比较复杂的，没有pynotify这样一个模块，找到了一个还算不错的模块（地址），这个类有些语法上的小问题，至少在python2.6下如此，需要修改一下，如下是修改后的代码），基本可用，代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #gtkPopupNotify.py## Copyright 2009 Daniel Woodhouse # modified by NickCis 2010 http://github.com/NickCis/gtkPopupNotify# Modifications:#     Added: * Corner support (notifications can be displayed in all corners#        * Use of gtk Stock items or pixbuf to render images in notifications#        * Posibility of use fixed height#        * Posibility of use image as background#        * Not displaying over Windows taskbar(taken from emesene gpl v3)#        * y separation.#        * font description options#        * Callbacks For left, middle and right click##This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify#it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by#the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or#(at your option) any later version.##This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,#but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of#MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the#GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.##You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License#along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  import osimport gtkimport pangoimport gobject # This code is used only on Windows to get the location on the taskbar# Taken from emesene Notifications (Gpl v3)taskbarOffsety = 0taskbarOffsetx = 0if os.name == "nt":  import ctypes  from ctypes.wintypes import RECT, DWORD  user = ctypes.windll.user32  MONITORINFOF_PRIMARY = 1  HMONITOR = 1   class MONITORINFO(ctypes.Structure):    _fields_ = [      ('cbSize', DWORD),      ('rcMonitor', RECT),      ('rcWork', RECT),      ('dwFlags', DWORD)      ]   taskbarSide = "bottom"  taskbarOffset = 30  info = MONITORINFO()  info.cbSize = ctypes.sizeof(info)  info.dwFlags = MONITORINFOF_PRIMARY  user.GetMonitorInfoW(HMONITOR, ctypes.byref(info))  if info.rcMonitor.bottom != info.rcWork.bottom:    taskbarOffsety = info.rcMonitor.bottom - info.rcWork.bottom  if info.rcMonitor.top != info.rcWork.top:    taskbarSide = "top"    taskbarOffsety = info.rcWork.top - info.rcMonitor.top  if info.rcMonitor.left != info.rcWork.left:    taskbarSide = "left"    taskbarOffsetx = info.rcWork.left - info.rcMonitor.left  if info.rcMonitor.right != info.rcWork.right:    taskbarSide = "right"    taskbarOffsetx = info.rcMonitor.right - info.rcWork.right class NotificationStack:    def __init__(self, size_x=300, size_y=-1, timeout=5, corner=(False, False), sep_y=0):    """    Create a new notification stack. The recommended way to create Popup instances.     Parameters:      `size_x` : The desired width of the notifications.      `size_y` : The desired minimum height of the notifications. If it isn't set,      or setted to None, the size will automatically adjust      `timeout` : Popup instance will disappear after this timeout if there      is no human intervention. This can be overridden temporarily by passing      a new timout to the new_popup method.      `coner` : 2 Value tuple: (true if left, True if top)      `sep_y` : y distance to separate notifications from each other    """    self.size_x = size_x    self.size_y = -1     if (size_y == None):       pass    else:       size_y    self.timeout = timeout    self.corner = corner    self.sep_y = sep_y    """    Other parameters:    These will take effect for every popup created after the change.`edge_offset_y` : distance from the bottom of the screen and      the bottom of the stack.      `edge_offset_x` : distance from the right edge of the screen and      the side of the stack.      `max_popups` : The maximum number of popups to be shown on the screen      at one time.      `bg_color` : if None default is used (usually grey). set with a gtk.gdk.Color.      `bg_pixmap` : Pixmap to use as background of notification. You can set a gtk.gdk.Pixmap      or a path to a image. If none, the color background will be displayed.      `bg_mask` : If a gtk.gdk.pixmap is specified under bg_pixmap, the mask of the pixmap has to be setted here.      `fg_color` : if None default is used (usually black). set with a gtk.gdk.Color.      `show_timeout` : if True, a countdown till destruction will be displayed.      `close_but` : if True, the close button will be displayed.      `fontdesc` : a 3 value Tuple containing the pango.FontDescriptions of the Header, message and counter       (in that order). If a string is suplyed, it will be used for the 3 the same FontDescription.       http://doc.stoq.com.br/devel/pygtk/class-pangofontdescription.html    """        self.edge_offset_x = 0    self.edge_offset_y = 0    self.max_popups = 5    self.fg_color = None    self.bg_color = None    self.bg_pixmap = None    self.bg_mask = None    self.show_timeout = False    self.close_but = True    self.fontdesc = ("Sans Bold 14", "Sans 12", "Sans 10")        self._notify_stack = []    self._offset = 0       def new_popup(self, title, message, image=None, leftCb=None, middleCb=None, rightCb=None):    """Create a new Popup instance."""    if len(self._notify_stack) == self.max_popups:      self._notify_stack[0].hide_notification()    self._notify_stack.append(Popup(self, title, message, image, leftCb, middleCb, rightCb))    self._offset += self._notify_stack[-1].y      def destroy_popup_cb(self, popup):    self._notify_stack.remove(popup)    #move popups down if required    offset = 0    for note in self._notify_stack:      offset = note.reposition(offset, self)    self._offset = offset       class Popup(gtk.Window):  def __init__(self, stack, title, message, image, leftCb, middleCb, rightCb):    gtk.Window.__init__(self, type=gtk.WINDOW_POPUP)        self.leftclickCB = leftCb    self.middleclickCB = middleCb    self.rightclickCB = rightCbself.set_size_request(stack.size_x, stack.size_y)    self.set_decorated(False)    self.set_deletable(False)    self.set_property("skip-pager-hint", True)    self.set_property("skip-taskbar-hint", True)    self.connect("enter-notify-event", self.on_hover, True)    self.connect("leave-notify-event", self.on_hover, False)    self.set_opacity(0.2)    self.destroy_cb = stack.destroy_popup_cb        if type(stack.fontdesc) == tuple or type(stack.fontdesc) == list:      fontH, fontM, fontC = stack.fontdesc    else:      fontH = fontM = fontC = stack.fontdesc        main_box = gtk.VBox()    header_box = gtk.HBox()    self.header = gtk.Label()    self.header.set_markup("<b>%s</b>" % title)    self.header.set_padding(3, 3)    self.header.set_alignment(0, 0)    try:      self.header.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontH))    except Exception, e:      print e    header_box.pack_start(self.header, True, True, 5)    if stack.close_but:      close_button = gtk.Image()          close_button.set_from_stock(gtk.STOCK_CANCEL, gtk.ICON_SIZE_BUTTON)      close_button.set_padding(3, 3)      close_window = gtk.EventBox()      close_window.set_visible_window(False)      close_window.connect("button-press-event", self.hide_notification)      close_window.add(close_button)      header_box.pack_end(close_window, False, False)    main_box.pack_start(header_box)        body_box = gtk.HBox()    if image is not None:      self.image = gtk.Image()      self.image.set_size_request(70, 70)      self.image.set_alignment(0, 0)      if image in gtk.stock_list_ids():        self.image.set_from_stock(image, gtk.ICON_SIZE_DIALOG)      elif type(image) == gtk.gdk.Pixbuf:        self.image.set_from_pixbuf(image)      else:        self.image.set_from_file(image)      body_box.pack_start(self.image, False, False, 5)    self.message = gtk.Label()    self.message.set_property("wrap", True)    self.message.set_size_request(stack.size_x - 90, -1)    self.message.set_alignment(0, 0)    self.message.set_padding(5, 10)    self.message.set_markup(message)    try:      self.message.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontM))    except Exception, e:      print e    self.counter = gtk.Label()    self.counter.set_alignment(1, 1)    self.counter.set_padding(3, 3)    try:      self.counter.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontC))    except Exception, e:      print e    self.timeout = stack.timeout        body_box.pack_start(self.message, True, False, 5)    body_box.pack_end(self.counter, False, False, 5)    main_box.pack_start(body_box)    eventbox = gtk.EventBox()    eventbox.set_property('visible-window', False)    eventbox.set_events(gtk.gdk.BUTTON_PRESS_MASK)    eventbox.connect("button_press_event", self.onClick)     eventbox.add(main_box)    self.add(eventbox)    if stack.bg_pixmap is not None:      if not type(stack.bg_pixmap) == gtk.gdk.Pixmap:        stack.bg_pixmap, stack.bg_mask = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file(stack.bg_pixmap).render_pixmap_and_mask()      self.set_app_paintable(True)      self.connect_after("realize", self.callbackrealize, stack.bg_pixmap, stack.bg_mask)    elif stack.bg_color is not None:      self.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.bg_color)    if stack.fg_color is not None:      self.message.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)      self.header.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)      self.counter.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)    self.show_timeout = stack.show_timeout    self.hover = False    self.show_all()    self.x, self.y = self.size_request()    #Not displaying over windows bar     if os.name == 'nt':      if stack.corner[0] and taskbarSide == "left":        stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsetx      elif not stack.corner[0] and taskbarSide == 'right':        stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsetx      if stack.corner[1] and taskbarSide == "top":        stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsety      elif not stack.corner[1] and taskbarSide == 'bottom':        stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsetyif stack.corner[0]:      posx = stack.edge_offset_x    else:      posx = gtk.gdk.screen_width() - self.x - stack.edge_offset_x    sep_y = 0     if (stack._offset == 0):      pass    else:       stack.sep_y    self.y += sep_y    if stack.corner[1]:      posy = stack._offset + stack.edge_offset_y + sep_y    else:      posy = gtk.gdk.screen_height()- self.y - stack._offset - stack.edge_offset_y    self.move(posx, posy)    self.fade_in_timer = gobject.timeout_add(100, self.fade_in)           def reposition(self, offset, stack):    """Move the notification window down, when an older notification is removed"""    if stack.corner[0]:      posx = stack.edge_offset_x    else:      posx = gtk.gdk.screen_width() - self.x - stack.edge_offset_x    if stack.corner[1]:      posy = offset + stack.edge_offset_y      new_offset = self.y + offset    else:new_offset = self.y + offset      posy = gtk.gdk.screen_height() - new_offset - stack.edge_offset_y + stack.sep_y    self.move(posx, posy)    return new_offset     def fade_in(self):    opacity = self.get_opacity()    opacity += 0.15    if opacity >= 1:      self.wait_timer = gobject.timeout_add(1000, self.wait)      return False    self.set_opacity(opacity)    return True        def wait(self):    if not self.hover:      self.timeout -= 1    if self.show_timeout:      self.counter.set_markup(str("<b>%s</b>" % self.timeout))    if self.timeout == 0:      self.fade_out_timer = gobject.timeout_add(100, self.fade_out)      return False    return True       def fade_out(self):    opacity = self.get_opacity()    opacity -= 0.10    if opacity <= 0:      self.in_progress = False      self.hide_notification()      return False    self.set_opacity(opacity)    return True    def on_hover(self, window, event, hover):    """Starts/Stops the notification timer on a mouse in/out event"""    self.hover = hover       def hide_notification(self, *args):    """Destroys the notification and tells the stack to move the    remaining notification windows"""    for timer in ("fade_in_timer", "fade_out_timer", "wait_timer"):      if hasattr(self, timer):        gobject.source_remove(getattr(self, timer))    self.destroy()    self.destroy_cb(self)   def callbackrealize(self, widget, pixmap, mask=False):    #width, height = pixmap.get_size()    #self.resize(width, height)    if mask is not False:      self.shape_combine_mask(mask, 0, 0)    self.window.set_back_pixmap(pixmap, False)    return True   def onClick(self, widget, event):    if event.button == 1 and self.leftclickCB != None:      self.leftclickCB()      self.hide_notification()    if event.button == 2 and self.middleclickCB != None:      self.middleclickCB()      self.hide_notification()    if event.button == 3 and self.rightclickCB != None:      self.rightclickCB()      self.hide_notification() if __name__ == "__main__":  #example usage    def notify_factory():    color = ("green", "blue")    image = "logo1_64.png"    notifier.bg_color = gtk.gdk.Color(color[0])    notifier.fg_color = gtk.gdk.Color(color[1])    notifier.show_timeout = True     notifier.edge_offset_x = 20    notifier.edge_offset_y = 30    notifier.new_popup("Windows上的泡泡提示", "NND，比Linux下复杂多了，效果还不怎么样", image=image)    return True   def gtk_main_quit():    print "quitting"    gtk.main_quit()    notifier = NotificationStack(timeout=1)   gobject.timeout_add(4000, notify_factory)  gobject.timeout_add(8000, gtk_main_quit)  gtk.main()

效果如下：

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