python异步实现定时任务和周期任务的方法

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   190

一. 如何调用

def f1(arg1, arg2):  print('f1', arg1, arg2)  def f2(arg1):  print('f2', arg1)  def f3():  print('f3')  def f4():  print('周期任务', int(time.time()))  timer = TaskTimer()# 把任务加入任务队列timer.join_task(f1, [1, 2], timing=15.5) # 每天15:30执行timer.join_task(f2, [3], timing=14) # 每天14:00执行timer.join_task(f3, [], timing=15) # 每天15:00执行timer.join_task(f4, [], interval=10) # 每10秒执行1次# 开始执行（此时才会创建线程）timer.start()

f1~f4是我们需要定时执行的函数。

首先创建TaskTimer对象（TaskTimer的代码在下面）。调用join_task函数，把需要执行的函数加入到任务队列。最后调用start，任务就开始执行了。

join_task参数：

fun:需要执行的函数

arg:fun的参数，如果没有就传一个空列表

interval:如果有此参数，说明任务是周期任务，单位为秒（注意interval最少5秒）

timing:如果有此参数，说明任务是定时任务，单位为时

注意：interval和timing只能选填1个

二. 源码

import datetimeimport timefrom threading import Threadfrom time import sleep  class TaskTimer:  __instance = None   def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):    """    单例模式    """    if not cls.__instance:      cls.__instance = object.__new__(cls)    return cls.__instance   def __init__(self):    if not hasattr(self, 'task_queue'):      setattr(self, 'task_queue', [])     if not hasattr(self, 'is_running'):      setattr(self, 'is_running', False)   def write_log(self, level, msg):    cur_time = datetime.datetime.now()    with open('./task.log', mode='a+', encoding='utf8') as file:      s = "[" + str(cur_time) + "][" + level + "]  " + msg      print(s)      file.write(s + "\n")   def work(self):     """    处理任务队列    """    while True:      for task in self.task_queue:        if task['interval']:          self.cycle_task(task)        elif task['timing']:          self.timing_task(task)       sleep(5)   def cycle_task(self, task):    """    周期任务    """    if task['next_sec'] <= int(time.time()):      try:        task['fun'](*task['arg'])        self.write_log("正常", "周期任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 已执行")      except Exception as e:        self.write_log("异常", "周期任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 函数内部异常：" + str(e))      finally:        task['next_sec'] = int(time.time()) + task['interval']   def timing_task(self, task):    """    定时任务    """    # 今天已过秒数    today_sec = self.get_today_until_now()     # 到了第二天，就重置任务状态    if task['today'] != self.get_today():      task['today'] = self.get_today()      task['today_done'] = False     # 第一次执行    if task['first_work']:      if today_sec >= task['task_sec']:        task['today_done'] = True        task['first_work'] = False      else:        task['first_work'] = False     # 今天还没有执行    if not task['today_done']:      if today_sec >= task['task_sec']: # 到点了，开始执行任务        try:          task['fun'](*task['arg'])          self.write_log("正常", "定时任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 已执行")        except Exception as e:          self.write_log("异常", "定时任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 函数内部异常：" + str(e))        finally:          task['today_done'] = True          if task['first_work']:task['first_work'] = False   def get_today_until_now(self):    """    获取今天凌晨到现在的秒数    """    i = datetime.datetime.now()    return i.hour * 3600 + i.minute * 60 + i.second   def get_today(self):    """    获取今天的日期    """    i = datetime.datetime.now()    return i.day   def join_task(self, fun, arg, interval=None, timing=None):    """    interval和timing只能存在1个    :param fun: 你要调用的任务    :param arg: fun的参数    :param interval: 周期任务，单位秒    :param timing: 定时任务，取值：[0,24)    """    # 参数校验    if (interval != None and timing != None) or (interval == None and timing == None):      raise Exception('interval和timing只能选填1个')     if timing and not 0 <= timing < 24:      raise Exception('timing的取值范围为[0,24)')     if interval and interval < 5:      raise Exception('interval最少为5')     # 封装一个task    task = {      'fun': fun,      'arg': arg,      'interval': interval,      'timing': timing,    }    # 封装周期或定时任务相应的参数    if timing:      task['task_sec'] = timing * 3600      task['today_done'] = False      task['first_work'] = True      task['today'] = self.get_today()    elif interval:      task['next_sec'] = int(time.time()) + interval     # 把task加入任务队列    self.task_queue.append(task)     self.write_log("正常", "新增任务：" + fun.__name__)   def start(self):    """    开始执行任务    返回线程标识符    """    if not self.is_running:      thread = Thread(target=self.work)       thread.start()       self.is_running = True       self.write_log("正常", "TaskTimer已开始运行！")       return thread.ident     self.write_log("警告", "TaskTimer已运行，请勿重复启动！")

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