对Python3 解析html的几种操作方式小结

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   136

解析html是爬虫后的重要的一个处理数据的环节。一下记录解析html的几种方式。

先介绍基础的辅助函数，主要用于获取html并输入解析后的结束

#把传递解析函数，便于下面的修改def get_html(url, paraser=bs4_paraser): headers = {  'Accept': '*/*',  'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch',  'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8',  'Host': 'www.360kan.com',  'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive',  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36' } request = urllib2.Request(url, headers=headers) response = urllib2.urlopen(request) response.encoding = 'utf-8' if response.code == 200:  data = StringIO.StringIO(response.read())  gzipper = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=data)  data = gzipper.read()  value = paraser(data) # open('E:/h5/haPkY0osd0r5UB.html').read()  return value else:  pass  value = get_html('http://www.360kan.com/m/haPkY0osd0r5UB.html', paraser=lxml_parser)for row in value: print row

1，lxml.html的方式进行解析，

The lxml XML toolkit is a Pythonic binding for the C libraries libxml2 and libxslt. It is unique in that it combines the speed and XML feature completeness of these libraries with the simplicity of a native Python API, mostly compatible but superior to the well-known ElementTree API. The latest release works with all CPython versions from 2.6 to 3.5. See the introduction for more information about background and goals of the lxml project. Some common questions are answered in the FAQ. [官网](http://lxml.de/)

def lxml_parser(page): data = [] doc = etree.HTML(page) all_div = doc.xpath('//div[@class="yingping-list-wrap"]') for row in all_div:  # 获取每一个影评，即影评的item  all_div_item = row.xpath('.//div[@class="item"]') # find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'item'})  for r in all_div_item:   value = {}   # 获取影评的标题部分   title = r.xpath('.//div[@class="g-clear title-wrap"][1]')   value['title'] = title[0].xpath('./a/text()')[0]   value['title_href'] = title[0].xpath('./a/@href')[0]   score_text = title[0].xpath('./div/span/span/@style')[0]   score_text = re.search(r'\d+', score_text).group()   value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20   # 时间   value['time'] = title[0].xpath('./div/span[@class="time"]/text()')[0]   # 多少人喜欢   value['people'] = int(     re.search(r'\d+', title[0].xpath('./div[@class="num"]/span/text()')[0]).group())   data.append(value) return data

2，使用BeautifulSoup，不多说了，大家网上找资料看看

def bs4_paraser(html): all_value = [] value = {} soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser') # 获取影评的部分 all_div = soup.find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'yingping-list-wrap'}, limit=1) for row in all_div:  # 获取每一个影评，即影评的item  all_div_item = row.find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'item'})  for r in all_div_item:   # 获取影评的标题部分   title = r.find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'g-clear title-wrap'}, limit=1)   if title is not None and len(title) > 0:    value['title'] = title[0].a.string    value['title_href'] = title[0].a['href']    score_text = title[0].div.span.span['style']    score_text = re.search(r'\d+', score_text).group()    value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20    # 时间    value['time'] = title[0].div.find_all('span', attrs={'class': 'time'})[0].string    # 多少人喜欢    value['people'] = int(      re.search(r'\d+', title[0].find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'num'})[0].span.string).group())   # print r   all_value.append(value)   value = {} return all_value

3，使用SGMLParser，主要是通过start、end tag的方式进行了，解析工程比较明朗，但是有点麻烦，而且该案例的场景不太适合该方法，（哈哈）

class CommentParaser(SGMLParser): def __init__(self):  SGMLParser.__init__(self)  self.__start_div_yingping = False  self.__start_div_item = False  self.__start_div_gclear = False  self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False  self.__start_div_num = False  # a  self.__start_a = False  # span 3中状态  self.__span_state = 0  # 数据  self.__value = {}  self.data = []  def start_div(self, attrs):  for k, v in attrs:   if k == 'class' and v == 'yingping-list-wrap':    self.__start_div_yingping = True   elif k == 'class' and v == 'item':    self.__start_div_item = True   elif k == 'class' and v == 'g-clear title-wrap':    self.__start_div_gclear = True   elif k == 'class' and v == 'rating-wrap g-clear':    self.__start_div_ratingwrap = True   elif k == 'class' and v == 'num':    self.__start_div_num = True  def end_div(self):  if self.__start_div_yingping:   if self.__start_div_item:    if self.__start_div_gclear:     if self.__start_div_num or self.__start_div_ratingwrap:      if self.__start_div_num:       self.__start_div_num = False      if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:       self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False     else:      self.__start_div_gclear = False    else:     self.data.append(self.__value)     self.__value = {}     self.__start_div_item = False   else:    self.__start_div_yingping = False  def start_a(self, attrs):  if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:   self.__start_a = True   for k, v in attrs:    if k == 'href':     self.__value['href'] = v  def end_a(self):  if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear and self.__start_a:   self.__start_a = False  def start_span(self, attrs):  if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:   if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:    if self.__span_state != 1:     for k, v in attrs:      if k == 'class' and v == 'rating':       self.__span_state = 1      elif k == 'class' and v == 'time':       self.__span_state = 2    else:     for k, v in attrs:      if k == 'style':       score_text = re.search(r'\d+', v).group()     self.__value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20     self.__span_state = 3   elif self.__start_div_num:    self.__span_state = 4  def end_span(self):  self.__span_state = 0  def handle_data(self, data):  if self.__start_a:   self.__value['title'] = data  elif self.__span_state == 2:   self.__value['time'] = data  elif self.__span_state == 4:   score_text = re.search(r'\d+', data).group()   self.__value['people'] = int(score_text)  passdef sgl_parser(html): parser = CommentParaser() parser.feed(html) return parser.data

4,HTMLParaer，与3原理相识，就是调用的方法不太一样，基本上可以公用，

class CommentHTMLParser(HTMLParser.HTMLParser): def __init__(self):  HTMLParser.HTMLParser.__init__(self)  self.__start_div_yingping = False  self.__start_div_item = False  self.__start_div_gclear = False  self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False  self.__start_div_num = False  # a  self.__start_a = False  # span 3中状态  self.__span_state = 0  # 数据  self.__value = {}  self.data = []  def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):  if tag == 'div':   for k, v in attrs:    if k == 'class' and v == 'yingping-list-wrap':     self.__start_div_yingping = True    elif k == 'class' and v == 'item':     self.__start_div_item = True    elif k == 'class' and v == 'g-clear title-wrap':     self.__start_div_gclear = True    elif k == 'class' and v == 'rating-wrap g-clear':     self.__start_div_ratingwrap = True    elif k == 'class' and v == 'num':     self.__start_div_num = True  elif tag == 'a':   if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:    self.__start_a = True    for k, v in attrs:     if k == 'href':      self.__value['href'] = v  elif tag == 'span':   if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:    if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:     if self.__span_state != 1:      for k, v in attrs:       if k == 'class' and v == 'rating':        self.__span_state = 1       elif k == 'class' and v == 'time':        self.__span_state = 2     else:      for k, v in attrs:       if k == 'style':        score_text = re.search(r'\d+', v).group()      self.__value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20      self.__span_state = 3    elif self.__start_div_num:     self.__span_state = 4  def handle_endtag(self, tag):  if tag == 'div':   if self.__start_div_yingping:    if self.__start_div_item:     if self.__start_div_gclear:      if self.__start_div_num or self.__start_div_ratingwrap:       if self.__start_div_num:        self.__start_div_num = False       if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:        self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False      else:       self.__start_div_gclear = False     else:      self.data.append(self.__value)      self.__value = {}      self.__start_div_item = False    else:     self.__start_div_yingping = False  elif tag == 'a':   if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear and self.__start_a:    self.__start_a = False  elif tag == 'span':   self.__span_state = 0  def handle_data(self, data):  if self.__start_a:   self.__value['title'] = data  elif self.__span_state == 2:   self.__value['time'] = data  elif self.__span_state == 4:   score_text = re.search(r'\d+', data).group()   self.__value['people'] = int(score_text)  passdef html_parser(html): parser = CommentHTMLParser() parser.feed(html) return parser.data

3,4对于该案例来说确实是不太适合，趁现在有空记录下来，功学习使用！

以上这篇对Python3 解析html的几种操作方式小结就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持。