Python语言快速上手学习方法

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   176

最近在学习Python，后面搞机器人项目需要用到，所以要快速上手，我使用的是PyCharm这个IDE，看起来就舒服，学习起来就有劲啦，作为一名有工作经验的老司机，我学习编程语言的方法不会像大学生那样从头到尾学一遍，我会选择，够用，能用，实用即可，拒绝晦涩的语法，在不影响效率的情况下，我会采取容易看懂，后期项目可维护性等的方式来学习和编程，至于如何灵活运用Python语言，我认为是需要在项目中，才能不断精进的，毕竟，作为一门编程语言，它仅仅只是工具而已。

如果要在python中写中文，则要在xx.py的最前面声明

#coding:utf-8

一、基础语法：变量，字符串，函数，逻辑判断，循环

varline = 2 ;print(varline);#打印字符串print("hello Python");print("你好，Python");#整型和字符串的转化num1 = 100 ;num2 = "100";num3 = num1 + int(num2);print(num3);#字符串操作str1 = "hello world" ;str2 = str1 * 3 ;string_count = len(str1);print(string_count);print(str2);#字符串索引等价print(str1[0]); print(str1[-11])  #===>hprint(str1[1]); print(str1[-10])  #===>eprint(str1[2]); print(str1[-9])   #===>l#可以将字符串进行分割print(str1[0:5]);print(str1[6:11]); #===> hello   worldprint(str1[-4:]);#函数的定义和使用def Print():  print("hello world");  return "sss" ;sss = Print();print(sss);def add(arg1 , arg2):  return arg1 + arg2 ;print(add(1,2));def getTempatuare(temp):  return temp *9/5 + 32 ;print(str(getTempatuare(35)) + "'F");#克转千克算法def print_kg(g):  return float(g / 1000) ;print(str(print_kg(1)) + "kg");#求直角三角形斜边的长度def Line_print(arg1,arg2):  return ((arg1*arg1 + arg2 * arg2))**0.5print("The right triangle third side's length is " + str(Line_print(3,4)));#str_rp = str1.replace(str1[:3],'*'*9);#print(str_rp)str11 = "{} a word she can get what she {} for."str12 = "{preposition} a word she can get what she {verb} for"str13 = "{0} a word she can get what she {1} for."str111 = str11.format('With','came');str121 = str12.format(preposition = 'With',verb = 'came')str131 = str13.format('With','came')print(str111)print(str121)print(str131)#单独创建file1 = open('F:\\'+'hello.txt','w')file1.write("Hello world");file1.close()#使用函数创建def text_create(name, msg):  desktop_path = 'F:\\'  full_path = desktop_path + name + '.txt'  file = open(full_path,'w')  file.write(msg)  file.close()  print('Done')text_create('Yang','hello world') # ????#变量的比较teststr1 = "Hello"teststr2 = "World"teststr3 = "Hello"print(teststr1 in teststr2)print(teststr1 is teststr3)print(bool(teststr1))print(bool(''))print(not teststr1)print(teststr1 < teststr3 and teststr2 > teststr1)print(teststr1 > teststr2 or teststr3 < teststr1)#python逻辑判断学习a = 1b = 3if a < b :  a = 3  b = 2else:  a = 2  b = 3print(a,b);if a < b:  a = 3  b = 2elif a > b:  a = 2  b = 3else:  a = 100  b = 200print(a,b)for i in 1,2,3,4,5,6:  print(i)for string_str in "hello","world","world":  print(string_str)for str1111 in "Hello":  print(str1111)

二、Python数据结构:列表，元组，字典，集合

#python列表===>#特点：可以装python的所有类型，包括元组，列表，字典等city = ['广东','云南','广西','江西','HongKong','Shenzhen',123456]for i in 0,1,2,3,4,5,6:  print(city[i])city.insert(1,'北京') #列表的插入for i in 0,1,2,3,4,5,6:  print(city[i])city.remove('HongKong') #列表的删除for i in 0,1,2,3,4,5,6:  print(city[i])del city[0]  #使用del方法删除列表中的元素for i in 0,1,2,3,4,5:  print(city[i])#python元组 ===>#特点：不可修改，可被查看以及索引num = ('1','2','3','4','5')for i in 0,1,2,3,4:  print(num[i])#python字典 ===>#特点：键值成对存在，键不可重复，值可重复，键不可改，值可以变，可以为任何对象Dog = {'name':'sundy','age':18}Dog.update({'tel':119}) #往字典中添加键值对print(Dog)del Dog['name'] #往字典中删除键值对print(Dog)#集合num_set = {1,2,3,4,1,5}num_set.add(6) #往集合里添加元素print(num_set)num_set.discard(3) #从集合里删除元素print(num_set)

三、Python语言面对对象:类的定义、使用以及类的继承

#coding:utf-8#定义一个类class Anmial:  var = 100  Dog = ['runing','eat','sleep'] #Dog是这个类的属性  def function(self):   #类里的方法    if Anmial.var == 10:      print(Anmial.var)    else:      print(self+str(Anmial.Dog))    return Anmial.var#实例化类Dog1 = Anmial()print(Anmial.Dog)#遍历类中的成员for i in Anmial.Dog:  print(i)#创建实例属性===>类似创建一个与Dog一样的属性Anmial.log = '会飞','Hello','Monkey'print(Anmial.log)Anmial.function("属性:")class CocaCola():  formula = ['caffeine','suger','water','soda']  def __init__(self,local_name): #===>self相当于可以用来访问类中的成员或者创建属性      self.logo_local = '橙汁'      if local_name == '可乐':        print(local_name)      elif local_name == '橙汁':        print(local_name)      else:        print('西瓜汁')  def drink(self): #===>调用该方法的时候等效于 coke = CocaCola.drink(coke)    print('Energy!')coke = CocaCola('可乐')coke1 = CocaCola('橙汁')coke2 = CocaCola('梨汁')#类的继承===>xuebi相当于CocaCoal的子类,CocaCoal相当于父类class xuebi(CocaCola):  formula = ['白色','黄色','绿色']xuebi = xuebi(CocaCola) #将CocaCola放在括号中，表面xuebi集成于CocalColaprint(xuebi.formula)xuebi.drink()      #这样子类就可以调用父类的方法，继续延用了

总结

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