python3中os.path模块下常用的用法总结【推荐】

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   373

abspath

返回一个目录的绝对路径Return an absolute path.>>> os.path.abspath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")'/etc/sysconfig/selinux'>>> os.getcwd()'/root'>>> os.path.abspath("python_modu")'/root/python_modu'

basename

返回一个目录的基名Returns the final component of a pathname>>> os.path.basename("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")'selinux'>>> os.path.basename("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3")'python3'

dirname

返回一个目录的目录名Returns the directory component of a pathname>>> os.path.dirname("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")'/etc/sysconfig'>>> os.path.dirname("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3")'/usr/local/python3/bin'

exists

测试指定文件是否存在Test whether a path exists. Returns False for broken symbolic links>>> os.path.exists("/home/egon")False>>> os.path.exists("/root")True>>> os.path.exists("/usr/bin/python")True

getatime

得到指定文件最后一次的访问时间Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat().>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)>>> os.path.getatime("/root/test.sh")1498117664.2808378

getctime

得到指定文件最后一次的改变时间Return the metadata change time of a file, reported by os.stat().>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)>>> os.path.getctime("/root/test.sh")1498117696.039542

getmtime

得到指定文件最后一次的修改时间Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat().>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)>>> os.path.getmtime("/root/test.sh")1496629059.9313989

getsize

得到得到文件的大小Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat().>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)>>> os.path.getsize("/root/test.sh")568

isabs

测试参数是否是绝对路径Test whether a path is absolute>>> os.path.isabs("python_modu")False>>> os.path.isabs("/etc/sysconfig")True

isdir

测试指定参数是否是目录名Return true if the pathname refers to an existing directory.>>> os.path.isdir("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")False>>> os.path.isdir("/home")True

isfile

测试指定参数是否是一个文件Test whether a path is a regular file>>> os.path.isfile("/home")False>>> os.path.isfile("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")True

islink

测试指定参数是否是一个软链接Test whether a path is a symbolic link>>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")True>>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/nfs")False

ismount

测试指定参数是否是挂载点Test whether a path is a mount point>>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom")False以上是未挂载光盘，现在把光盘挂载到/mnt/cdrom下，再进行测试>>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom")True

join

join(a, *p)将目录名和文件的基名拼接成一个完整的路径Join two or more pathname components, inserting '/' as needed.If any component is an absolute path, all previous path componentswill be discarded. An empty last part will result in a path thatends with a separator.>>> for filename in os.listdir("/home"):...  print(os.path.join("/tmp",filename))... /tmp/a/tmp/f1.txt

realpath

返回指定文件的标准路径，而非软链接所在的路径Return the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating anysymbolic links encountered in the path.>>> os.path.realpath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")'/etc/selinux/config'>>> os.path.realpath("/usr/bin/python")'/usr/bin/python2.7'

samefile

测试两个路径是否指向同一个文件Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual filesameopenfile测试两个打开的文件是否指向同一个文件Test whether two open file objects reference the same file

split

分割目录名，返回由其目录名和基名给成的元组Split a pathname. Returns tuple "(head, tail)" where "tail" iseverything after the final slash. Either part may be empty.>>> os.path.split("/tmp/f1.txt")('/tmp', 'f1.txt')>>> os.path.split("/home/test.sh")('/home', 'test.sh')

splitext

分割文件名，返回由文件名和扩展名组成的元组Split the extension from a pathname.Extension is everything from the last dot to the end, ignoringleading dots. Returns "(root, ext)"; ext may be empty.>>> os.path.splitext("/home/test.sh")('/home/test', '.sh')>>> os.path.splitext("/tmp/f1.txt")('/tmp/f1', '.txt')

总结

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