Python从ZabbixAPI获取信息及实现Zabbix-API 监控的方法

Python  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   293

Python编写从ZabbixAPI获取信息

此脚本用Python3.6执行是OK的。# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import jsonimport urllib.request, urllib.error, urllib.parseclass ZabbixAPI: def __init__(self):  self.__url = 'http://192.168.56.102/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php'  self.__user = 'admin'  self.__password = 'zabbix'  self.__header = {"Content-Type": "application/json-rpc"}  self.__token_id = self.UserLogin() #登陆获取token def UserLogin(self):  data = {   "jsonrpc": "2.0",   "method": "user.login",   "params": {    "user": self.__user,    "password": self.__password   },   "id": 0,  }  return self.PostRequest(data) #推送请求 def PostRequest(self, data):  request = urllib.request.Request(self.__url,json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8'),self.__header)  result = urllib.request.urlopen(request)  response = json.loads(result.read().decode('utf-8'))  try:   # print response['result']   return response['result']  except KeyError:   raise KeyError #主机列表 def HostGet(self,hostid=None,hostip=None):  data = {   "jsonrpc":"2.0",   "method":"host.get",   "params":{    "output":"extend",    "selectGroups": "extend",    "selectParentTemplates": ["templateid","name"],    "selectInterfaces": ["interfaceid","ip"],    "selectInventory": ["os"],    "selectItems":["itemid","name"],    "selectGraphs":["graphid","name"],    "selectApplications":["applicationid","name"],    "selectTriggers":["triggerid","name"],    "selectScreens":["screenid","name"]   },   "auth": self.__token_id,   "id":1,  }  if hostid:   data["params"]={    "output": "extend",    "hostids": hostid,    "sortfield": "name"   }  return self.PostRequest(data) #主机列表 def HostCreate(self,hostname,hostip,groupid=None,templateid=None):  data = {   "jsonrpc":"2.0",   "method":"host.create",   "params": {    "host": hostname,    "interfaces": [     {      "type": 1,      "main": 1,      "useip": 1,      "ip": hostip,      "dns": "",      "port": "10050"     }    ],    "groups": [     {      "groupid": groupid     }    ],    "templates": [     {      "templateid": templateid     }    ]   },   "auth": self.__token_id,   "id":1,  }  return self.PostRequest(data) #主机组列表 def HostGroupGet(self,hostid=None,itemid=None):  data = {   "jsonrpc":"2.0",   "method":"hostgroup.get",   "params":{    "output": "extend",    "hostids": hostid,    "itemids": itemid,    "sortfield": "name"   },   "auth": self.__token_id,   "id":1,  }  return self.PostRequest(data) #监控项列表 def ItemGet(self,hostid=None,itemid=None):  data = {   "jsonrpc":"2.0",   "method": "item.get",   "params": {    "output": "extend",    "hostids": hostid,    "itemids": itemid,    "sortfield": "name"   },   "auth": self.__token_id,   "id":1,  }  return self.PostRequest(data) #模板列表 def TemplateGet(self, hostid=None,templateid=None):  data = {   "jsonrpc":"2.0",   "method": "template.get",   "params": {    "output": "extend",    "hostids": hostid,    "templateids": templateid,    "sortfield": "name"   },   "auth": self.__token_id,   "id":1,  }  return self.PostRequest(data) #图像列表 def GraphGet(self,hostid=None,graphid=None):  data = {   "jsonrpc":"2.0",   "method": "graph.get",   "params": {    "output": "extend",    "hostids": hostid,    "graphids": graphid,    "sortfield": "name"   },   "auth": self.__token_id,   "id":1,  }  return self.PostRequest(data) #历史数据 def History(self,itemid,data_type):  data = {   "jsonrpc": "2.0",   "method": "history.get",   "params": {    "output": "extend",    "history": data_type,    "itemids": itemid,    "sortfield": "clock",    "sortorder": "DESC",    "limit": 30   },   "auth": self.__token_id,   "id": 2  }  return self.PostRequest(data)#测试：python manager.py shell ; from ZABBIX.ZabbixAPI import * ; main()，代码修改了要ctrl+Z退出重进def main(): zapi=ZabbixAPI() token=zapi.UserLogin() print(token) #39378ec03aa101c2b17d1d2bd6f4ef16 hosts=zapi.HostGet() print(hosts) #[{u'host': u'Zabbix server', u'hostid': u'10084', u'interfaces': [{u'interfaceid': u'1', u'ip': u'127.0.0.1'}]}]if __name__ == '__main__': main()

下面看下使用python实现 Zabbix-API 监控的方法

做运维的朋友应该知道，公司IDC机房经常有上架、下架、报修和报废的服务器。如果服务器数量很多的时候很容易造成监控遗漏。

       大的互联网公司把监控系统和CMDB（资产管理系统|配置管理数据库系统）集成在一起，当上架一台新机器的时候CMDB里面会记录相关的信息，Zabbix根据CMDB里面信息自动Link相关的模块，添加|删除监控。很多小的公司没有资产管理系统，但作为监控的负责人应该每天知道上架了哪些新的机器，确保能添加到Zabbix监控里面。
      首先给大家说一下脚本思路：

1）通过Nmap工具扫描网段，扫描出已经使用的IP地址。
2）通过Nmap检测已经扫描IP的3389或者22端口是否开放，可以判断那些事windows机器，那些是Linux机器。
3）Linux下面通过ssh + hostname命令找出Linux主机名。
4）Windows下面通过nmblookup -A 命令找出Windows主机名。
5）用Python脚本读扫描结果文件，把主机名写到列表里面。
6）用Zabbix python API 调用已经监控的主机名，写到列表里面。
7）两个列表取交集，用for循环判断哪些主机名没有监控。
8）发邮件通知监控负责人。

    下面我分享一下我写的Python写的脚本，其中scan_machine.sh是我调用的用Shell写的关于Nmap扫描的脚本，scan_hostname.log是Nmap扫描的结果，里面内容是IP 主机名。

#!/usr/bin/env python#create by:sfzhang 20140820#coding=utf-8import os,sysimport jsonimport urllib2import datetime,timefrom urllib2 import URLErrornmap_cmd = "/shell/machine/scan_machine.sh"def runCmd(command): global mail_cmd mail_cmd = '''mail -s "Report on not monitor Hosts of Zabbix" shifeng_zhang88 < /shell/machine/result/result.txt''' return os.system(command)runCmd(nmap_cmd)def nmap_host(): hostiplst = [] hostnamelst = [] f = file('/shell/machine/result/scan_hostname.log') for line in f.readlines(): hostip = line.split()[0] hostname = line.split()[1] hostiplst.append(hostip) hostnamelst.append(hostname) hostnamelst.sort() #print hostiplst return hostnamelst f.close()def zabbix_host(): zabbixhostlst= [] #based url and required header url = "http://192.168.161.128/api_jsonrpc.php" header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"} #request json data = json.dumps( {  "jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "host.get", "params":{  "output":["hostid","name"],  "filter":{"host":""} },  #auth id "auth":"Zabbix Auth ID", "id": 1, }) #create request object request = urllib2.Request(url,data) for key in header:  request.add_header(key,header[key]) #get host list try: result = urllib2.urlopen(request) except URLError as e: print "The server could not fulfill the request.",e.reason else: reponse = json.loads(result.read()) result.close() #print "Number of Hosts:",len(reponse['result']) for host in reponse['result']:  #print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"Host Name:",host['name']  zbxhosts=host['name']  zabbixhostlst.append(zbxhosts) zabbixhostlst.sort() return zabbixhostlst def main(): nmaphostlst = nmap_host()  zbxhostlst = zabbix_host()  diff = list(set(nmaphostlst) ^ set(zbxhostlst))  content = "\n" nomonitorlst = []  if len(diff) != 0:  for host in diff:   if host in nmaphostlst:   nomonitorlst.append(host) else:  sys.exit() #print zbxhostlst string = '\n'.join(nomonitorlst) f = file('/shell/machine/result/result.txt','w') f.write(string) f.flush() f.close() runCmd(mail_cmd)if __name__ == "__main__":  main()

   把脚本添加到crontab,每台会收到关于那些主机没有添加监控的信息。

 总结：

     1）Zabbix API相关信息可以查看官方详细资料，看不懂英文的可以参考下面这篇文档。http://paperplane.ruhoh.com/zabbix/intro-to-zabbix-api/

     2）通过该脚本可以知道那些主机没有添加监控，希望对大家有帮助，如果有更好的解决方法欢迎多多交流。 

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的使用Python脚本实现Zabbix-API 监控，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对站的支持！