Django 限制访问频率的思路详解

框架(架构)  /  管理员 发布于 7年前   225

最近做了一个系统由于部分接口需要进行耗时操作，因而不希望用户进行频繁访问，需要进行访问频率限制。如果要自己实现一个访问限制功能相对来说也不会太复杂，并且网上有各种代码可以参考。如果自己不想实现这个代码可以使用 Django Ratelimit 。

Django Ratelimit is a ratelimiting decorator for Django views.https://travis-ci.org/jsocol/django-ratelimit.png?branch=master Code: https://github.com/jsocol/django-ratelimit License: Apache Software License Issues: https://github.com/jsocol/django-ratelimit/issues Documentation: http://django-ratelimit.readthedocs.org/

使用方法也相对来说比较简单：

@ratelimit(key='ip', rate='5/m')def myview(request):  # Will be true if the same IP makes more than 5 POST  # requests/minute.  was_limited = getattr(request, 'limited', False)  return HttpResponse()@ratelimit(key='ip', rate='5/m', block=True)def myview(request):  # If the same IP makes >5 reqs/min, will raise Ratelimited  return HttpResponse()@ratelimit(key='post:username', rate='5/m', method=['GET', 'POST'])def login(request):  # If the same username is used >5 times/min, this will be True.  # The `username` value will come from GET or POST, determined by the  # request method.  was_limited = getattr(request, 'limited', False)  return HttpResponse()@ratelimit(key='post:username', rate='5/m')@ratelimit(key='post:tenant', rate='5/m')def login(request):  # Use multiple keys by stacking decorators.  return HttpResponse()@ratelimit(key='get:q', rate='5/m')@ratelimit(key='post:q', rate='5/m')def search(request):  # These two decorators combine to form one rate limit: the same search  # query can only be tried 5 times a minute, regardless of the request  # method (GET or POST)  return HttpResponse()@ratelimit(key='ip', rate='4/h')def slow(request):  # Allow 4 reqs/hour.  return HttpResponse()rate = lambda r: None if request.user.is_authenticated else '100/h'@ratelimit(key='ip', rate=rate)def skipif1(request):  # Only rate limit anonymous requests  return HttpResponse()@ratelimit(key='user_or_ip', rate='10/s')@ratelimit(key='user_or_ip', rate='100/m')def burst_limit(request):  # Implement a separate burst limit.  return HttpResponse()@ratelimit(group='expensive', key='user_or_ip', rate='10/h')def expensive_view_a(request):  return something_expensive()@ratelimit(group='expensive', key='user_or_ip', rate='10/h')def expensive_view_b(request):  # Shares a counter with expensive_view_a  return something_else_expensive()@ratelimit(key='header:x-cluster-client-ip')def post(request):  # Uses the X-Cluster-Client-IP header value.  return HttpResponse()@ratelimit(key=lambda r: r.META.get('HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP',      r.META['REMOTE_ADDR'])def myview(request):  # Use `X-Cluster-Client-IP` but fall back to REMOTE_ADDR.  return HttpResponse()

不过需要注意如果和django rest framwork一起使用的话，要将Ratelimit 装饰器放到第一行，如下：

@ratelimit(key='user', rate='1/3s', block=True, method=ratelimit.ALL)@api_view(['POST', 'GET'])@csrf_exemptdef api_get_level(request):

否则会导致如下的错误信息：

IndexError at /rest-api/level/tuple index out of rangeRequest Method: GETRequest URL: http://192.168.1.195:8006/rest-api/level/Django Version: 2.2.7Exception Type: IndexErrorException Value: tuple index out of rangeException Location: F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\ratelimit\decorators.py in _wrapped, line 23Python Executable: F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\Scripts\python.exePython Version: 3.7.5Python Path: ['F:\\PyCharmProjects\\server\\TaichiGameServer', 'I:\\Python37-64\\python37.zip', 'I:\\Python37-64\\DLLs', 'I:\\Python37-64\\lib', 'I:\\Python37-64', 'F:\\PyCharmProjects\\server\\venv', 'F:\\PyCharmProjects\\server\\venv\\lib\\site-packages', 'F:\\PyCharmProjects\\server\\venv\\lib\\site-packages\\setuptools-39.1.0-py3.7.egg']Server time: Tue, 24 Dec 2019 09:49:01 +0800 Traceback (most recent call last): File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner  response = get_response(request) File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 115, in _get_response  response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request) File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 113, in _get_response  response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\csrf.py", line 54, in wrapped_view  return view_func(*args, **kwargs) File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 71, in view  return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 505, in dispatch  response = self.handle_exception(exc) File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 465, in handle_exception  self.raise_uncaught_exception(exc) File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 476, in raise_uncaught_exception  raise exc File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 502, in dispatch  response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\decorators.py", line 50, in handler  return func(*args, **kwargs) File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\csrf.py", line 54, in wrapped_view  return view_func(*args, **kwargs) File "F:\PyCharmProjects\server\venv\lib\site-packages\ratelimit\decorators.py", line 23, in _wrapped  request = args[1]IndexError: tuple index out of range

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Django 限制访问频率的思路详解，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对站的支持！
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